[00:00.49]If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together.
[00:06.44]This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country.
[00:16.55]And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country.
[00:22.79]Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.
[00:28.73]This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise.
[00:35.62]An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business.
[00:41.85]For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost -- the cost of managing and administering the business.
[00:50.91]Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation.
[00:57.69]The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm.
[01:09.59]If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities.
[01:13.61]and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low.
[01:21.75]It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job,
[01:27.87]then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers, and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly.
[01:37.88]As administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting he expense of administration, will fall;
[01:46.51]and the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.
[01:54.78]It is precisely the same with a nation.
[01:57.78]To the extent that the people can be relied upon to behave in a loyal and responsible manner,
[02:04.14]the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order.
[02:09.90]But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation; and it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly.
[02:23.78]A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.
