[W3C]

Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification

Version 1.0

W3C Recommendation 13 November, 2000

This version:
     http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113
     ( PostScript file , PDF file , plain text , ZIP file)
Latest version:
     http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core
Previous version:
     http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/PR-DOM-Level-2-Core-20000927

Editors:
     Arnaud Le Hors, W3C team contact until October 1999, then IBM
     Philippe Le Hégaret, W3C, team contact (from November 1999)
     Lauren Wood, SoftQuad Software Inc., WG Chair
     Gavin Nicol, Inso EPS (for DOM Level 1)
     Jonathan Robie, Texcel Research and Software AG (for DOM Level 1)
     Mike Champion, ArborText and Software AG (for DOM Level 1 from November
     20, 1997)
     Steve Byrne, JavaSoft (for DOM Level 1 until November 19, 1997)

Copyright © 2000 W3C® (MIT, INRIA, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C
liability, trademark, document use and software licensing rules apply.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract

This specification defines the Document Object Model Level 2 Core, a
platform- and language-neutral interface that allows programs and scripts to
dynamically access and update the content and structure of documents. The
Document Object Model Level 2 Core builds on the Document Object Model Level
1 Core.

The DOM Level 2 Core is made of a set of core interfaces to create and
manipulate the structure and contents of a document. The Core also contains
specialized interfaces dedicated to XML.

Status of this document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its
publication. Other documents may supersede this document. The latest status
of this document series is maintained at the W3C.

This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties
and has been endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a
stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a
normative reference from another document. W3C's role in making the
Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its
widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability
of the Web.

This document has been produced as part of the W3C DOM Activity. The authors
of this document are the DOM Working Group members. Different modules of the
Document Object Model have different editors.

Please send general comments about this document to the public mailing list
www-dom@w3.org. An archive is available at
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-dom/.

The English version of this specification is the only normative version.
Information about translations of this document is available at
http://www.w3.org/2000/11/DOM-Level-2-translations.

The list of known errors in this document is available at
http://www.w3.org/2000/11/DOM-Level-2-errata

A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be
found at http://www.w3.org/TR.

Table of contents

   * Expanded Table of Contents
   * Copyright Notice
   * What is the Document Object Model?

   * 1. Document Object Model Core

   * Appendix A: Changes
   * Appendix B: Accessing code point boundaries
   * Appendix C: IDL Definitions
   * Appendix D: Java Language Binding
   * Appendix E: ECMAScript Language Binding
   * Appendix F: Acknowledgements
   * Glossary
   * References
   * Index

13 November, 2000

Expanded Table of Contents

   * Expanded Table of Contents
   * Copyright Notice
        o W3C Document Copyright Notice and License
        o W3C Software Copyright Notice and License
   * What is the Document Object Model?
        o Introduction
        o What the Document Object Model is
        o What the Document Object Model is not
        o Where the Document Object Model came from
        o Entities and the DOM Core
        o Conformance
        o DOM Interfaces and DOM Implementations

   * 1. Document Object Model Core
        o 1.1. Overview of the DOM Core Interfaces
             + 1.1.1. The DOM Structure Model
             + 1.1.2. Memory Management
             + 1.1.3. Naming Conventions
             + 1.1.4. Inheritance vs. Flattened Views of the API
             + 1.1.5. The DOMString type
             + 1.1.6. The DOMTimeStamp type
             + 1.1.7. String comparisons in the DOM
             + 1.1.8. XML Namespaces
        o 1.2. Fundamental Interfaces
        o 1.3. Extended Interfaces

   * Appendix A: Changes
        o A.1. Changes between DOM Level 1 Core and DOM Level 2 Core
             + A.1.1. Changes to DOM Level 1 Core interfaces and exceptions
             + A.1.2. New features
   * Appendix B: Accessing code point boundaries
        o B.1. Introduction
        o B.2. Methods
   * Appendix C: IDL Definitions
   * Appendix D: Java Language Binding
   * Appendix E: ECMAScript Language Binding
   * Appendix F: Acknowledgements
        o F.1. Production Systems
   * Glossary
   * References
        o 1. Normative references
        o 2. Informative references
   * Index

13 November, 2000

Copyright Notice

Copyright © 2000 World Wide Web Consortium, (Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en
Automatique, Keio University). All Rights Reserved.

This document is published under the W3C Document Copyright Notice and
License. The bindings within this document are published under the W3C
Software Copyright Notice and License. The software license requires "Notice
of any changes or modifications to the W3C files, including the date changes
were made." Consequently, modified versions of the DOM bindings must
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IDL definitions, the pragma prefix can no longer be 'w3c.org'; in the case
of the Java Language binding, the package names can no longer be in the
'org.w3c' package.

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13 November, 2000

What is the Document Object Model?

Editors
     Philippe Le Hégaret, W3C
     Lauren Wood, SoftQuad Software Inc., WG Chair
     Jonathan Robie, Texcel (for DOM Level 1)

Introduction

The Document Object Model (DOM) is an application programming interface
(API) for valid HTML and well-formed XML documents. It defines the logical
structure of documents and the way a document is accessed and manipulated.
In the DOM specification, the term "document" is used in the broad sense -
increasingly, XML is being used as a way of representing many different
kinds of information that may be stored in diverse systems, and much of this
would traditionally be seen as data rather than as documents. Nevertheless,
XML presents this data as documents, and the DOM may be used to manage this
data.

With the Document Object Model, programmers can build documents, navigate
their structure, and add, modify, or delete elements and content. Anything
found in an HTML or XML document can be accessed, changed, deleted, or added
using the Document Object Model, with a few exceptions - in particular, the
DOM interfaces for the XML internal and external subsets have not yet been
specified.

As a W3C specification, one important objective for the Document Object
Model is to provide a standard programming interface that can be used in a
wide variety of environments and applications. The DOM is designed to be
used with any programming language. In order to provide a precise,
language-independent specification of the DOM interfaces, we have chosen to
define the specifications in Object Management Group (OMG) IDL [OMGIDL], as
defined in the CORBA 2.3.1 specification [CORBA]. In addition to the OMG IDL
specification, we provide language bindings for Java [Java] and ECMAScript
[ECMAScript] (an industry-standard scripting language based on JavaScript
[JavaScript] and JScript [JScript]).

Note: OMG IDL is used only as a language-independent and
implementation-neutral way to specify interfaces. Various other IDLs could
have been used ([COM], [JavaIDL], [MIDL], ...). In general, IDLs are
designed for specific computing environments. The Document Object Model can
be implemented in any computing environment, and does not require the object
binding runtimes generally associated with such IDLs.

What the Document Object Model is

The DOM is a programming API for documents. It is based on an object
structure that closely resembles the structure of the documents it models.
For instance, consider this table, taken from an HTML document:

      <TABLE>
      <TBODY>
      <TR>
      <TD>Shady Grove</TD>
      <TD>Aeolian</TD>
      </TR>
      <TR>
      <TD>Over the River, Charlie</TD>
      <TD>Dorian</TD>
      </TR>
      </TBODY>
      </TABLE>


A graphical representation of the DOM of the example table is:

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
         [graphical representation of the DOM of the example table]
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
          graphical representation of the DOM of the example table
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

In the DOM, documents have a logical structure which is very much like a
tree; to be more precise, which is like a "forest" or "grove", which can
contain more than one tree. Each document contains zero or one doctype
nodes, one root element node, and zero or more comments or processing
instructions; the root element serves as the root of the element tree for
the document. However, the DOM does not specify that documents must be
implemented as a tree or a grove, nor does it specify how the relationships
among objects be implemented. The DOM is a logical model that may be
implemented in any convenient manner. In this specification, we use the term
structure model to describe the tree-like representation of a document. We
also use the term "tree" when referring to the arrangement of those
information items which can be reached by using "tree-walking" methods;
(this does not include attributes). One important property of DOM structure
models is structural isomorphism: if any two Document Object Model
implementations are used to create a representation of the same document,
they will create the same structure model, in accordance with the XML
Information Set [Infoset].

Note: There may be some variations depending on the parser being used to
build the DOM. For instance, the DOM may not contain whitespaces in element
content if the parser discards them.

The name "Document Object Model" was chosen because it is an "object model"
in the traditional object oriented design sense: documents are modeled using
objects, and the model encompasses not only the structure of a document, but
also the behavior of a document and the objects of which it is composed. In
other words, the nodes in the above diagram do not represent a data
structure, they represent objects, which have functions and identity. As an
object model, the DOM identifies:

   * the interfaces and objects used to represent and manipulate a document
   * the semantics of these interfaces and objects - including both behavior
     and attributes
   * the relationships and collaborations among these interfaces and objects

The structure of SGML documents has traditionally been represented by an
abstract data model, not by an object model. In an abstract data model, the
model is centered around the data. In object oriented programming languages,
the data itself is encapsulated in objects that hide the data, protecting it
from direct external manipulation. The functions associated with these
objects determine how the objects may be manipulated, and they are part of
the object model.

What the Document Object Model is not

This section is designed to give a more precise understanding of the DOM by
distinguishing it from other systems that may seem to be like it.

   * The Document Object Model is not a binary specification. DOM programs
     written in the same language binding will be source code compatible
     across platforms, but the DOM does not define any form of binary
     interoperability.
   * The Document Object Model is not a way of persisting objects to XML or
     HTML. Instead of specifying how objects may be represented in XML, the
     DOM specifies how XML and HTML documents are represented as objects, so
     that they may be used in object oriented programs.
   * The Document Object Model is not a set of data structures; it is an
     object model that specifies interfaces. Although this document contains
     diagrams showing parent/child relationships, these are logical
     relationships defined by the programming interfaces, not
     representations of any particular internal data structures.
   * The Document Object Model does not define what information in a
     document is relevant or how information in a document is structured.
     For XML, this is specified by the W3C XML Information Set [Infoset].
     The DOM is simply an API to this information set.
   * The Document Object Model, despite its name, is not a competitor to the
     Component Object Model (COM). COM, like CORBA, is a language
     independent way to specify interfaces and objects; the DOM is a set of
     interfaces and objects designed for managing HTML and XML documents.
     The DOM may be implemented using language-independent systems like COM
     or CORBA; it may also be implemented using language-specific bindings
     like the Java or ECMAScript bindings specified in this document.

Where the Document Object Model came from

The DOM originated as a specification to allow JavaScript scripts and Java
programs to be portable among Web browsers. "Dynamic HTML" was the immediate
ancestor of the Document Object Model, and it was originally thought of
largely in terms of browsers. However, when the DOM Working Group was formed
at W3C, it was also joined by vendors in other domains, including HTML or
XML editors and document repositories. Several of these vendors had worked
with SGML before XML was developed; as a result, the DOM has been influenced
by SGML Groves and the HyTime standard. Some of these vendors had also
developed their own object models for documents in order to provide an API
for SGML/XML editors or document repositories, and these object models have
also influenced the DOM.

Entities and the DOM Core

In the fundamental DOM interfaces, there are no objects representing
entities. Numeric character references, and references to the pre-defined
entities in HTML and XML, are replaced by the single character that makes up
the entity's replacement. For example, in:

        <p>This is a dog &amp; a cat</p>


the "&amp;" will be replaced by the character "&", and the text in the P
element will form a single continuous sequence of characters. Since numeric
character references and pre-defined entities are not recognized as such in
CDATA sections, or in the SCRIPT and STYLE elements in HTML, they are not
replaced by the single character they appear to refer to. If the example
above were enclosed in a CDATA section, the "&amp;" would not be replaced by
"&"; neither would the <p> be recognized as a start tag. The representation
of general entities, both internal and external, are defined within the
extended (XML) interfaces of DOM Level 1 [DOM Level 1].

Note: When a DOM representation of a document is serialized as XML or HTML
text, applications will need to check each character in text data to see if
it needs to be escaped using a numeric or pre-defined entity. Failing to do
so could result in invalid HTML or XML. Also, implementations should be
aware of the fact that serialization into a character encoding ("charset")
that does not fully cover ISO 10646 may fail if there are characters in
markup or CDATA sections that are not present in the encoding.

Conformance

This section explains the different levels of conformance to DOM Level 2.
DOM Level 2 consists of 14 modules. It is possible to conform to DOM Level
2, or to a DOM Level 2 module.

An implementation is DOM Level 2 conformant if it supports the Core module
defined in this document (see Fundamental Interfaces). An implementation
conforms to a DOM Level 2 module if it supports all the interfaces for that
module and the associated semantics.

Here is the complete list of DOM Level 2.0 modules and the features used by
them. Feature names are case-insensitive.

Core module
     defines the feature "Core".
XML module
     defines the feature "XML".
HTML module
     defines the feature "HTML". (see [DOM Level 2 HTML]).

     Note: At time of publication, this DOM Level 2 module is not yet a W3C
     Recommendation.

Views module
     defines the feature "Views" in [DOM Level 2 Views].
Style Sheets module
     defines the feature "StyleSheets" in [DOM Level 2 Style Sheets].
CSS module
     defines the feature "CSS" in [DOM Level 2 CSS].
CSS2 module
     defines the feature "CSS2" in [DOM Level 2 CSS].
Events module
     defines the feature "Events" in [DOM Level 2 Events].
User interface Events module
     defines the feature "UIEvents" in [DOM Level 2 Events].
Mouse Events module
     defines the feature "MouseEvents" in [DOM Level 2 Events].
Mutation Events module
     defines the feature "MutationEvents" in [DOM Level 2 Events].
HTML Events module
     defines the feature "HTMLEvents" in [DOM Level 2 Events].
Range module
     defines the feature "Range" in [DOM Level 2 Range].
Traversal module
     defines the feature "Traversal" in [DOM Level 2 Traversal].

A DOM implementation must not return "true" to the hasFeature(feature,
version) method of the DOMImplementation interface for that feature unless
the implementation conforms to that module. The version number for all
features used in DOM Level 2.0 is "2.0".

DOM Interfaces and DOM Implementations

The DOM specifies interfaces which may be used to manage XML or HTML
documents. It is important to realize that these interfaces are an
abstraction - much like "abstract base classes" in C++, they are a means of
specifying a way to access and manipulate an application's internal
representation of a document. Interfaces do not imply a particular concrete
implementation. Each DOM application is free to maintain documents in any
convenient representation, as long as the interfaces shown in this
specification are supported. Some DOM implementations will be existing
programs that use the DOM interfaces to access software written long before
the DOM specification existed. Therefore, the DOM is designed to avoid
implementation dependencies; in particular,

  1. Attributes defined in the IDL do not imply concrete objects which must
     have specific data members - in the language bindings, they are
     translated to a pair of get()/set() functions, not to a data member.
     Read-only attributes have only a get() function in the language
     bindings.
  2. DOM applications may provide additional interfaces and objects not
     found in this specification and still be considered DOM conformant.
  3. Because we specify interfaces and not the actual objects that are to be
     created, the DOM cannot know what constructors to call for an
     implementation. In general, DOM users call the createX() methods on the
     Document class to create document structures, and DOM implementations
     create their own internal representations of these structures in their
     implementations of the createX() functions.

The Level 1 interfaces were extended to provide both Level 1 and Level 2
functionality.

DOM implementations in languages other than Java or ECMAScript may choose
bindings that are appropriate and natural for their language and run time
environment. For example, some systems may need to create a Document2 class
which inherits from Document and contains the new methods and attributes.

DOM Level 2 does not specify multithreading mechanisms.

13 November, 2000

1. Document Object Model Core

Editors
     Arnaud Le Hors, IBM
     Gavin Nicol, Inso EPS (for DOM Level 1)
     Lauren Wood, SoftQuad, Inc. (for DOM Level 1)
     Mike Champion, ArborText (for DOM Level 1 from November 20, 1997)
     Steve Byrne, JavaSoft (for DOM Level 1 until November 19, 1997)

Table of contents

   * 1.1. Overview of the DOM Core Interfaces
        o 1.1.1. The DOM Structure Model
        o 1.1.2. Memory Management
        o 1.1.3. Naming Conventions
        o 1.1.4. Inheritance vs. Flattened Views of the API
        o 1.1.5. The DOMString type
        o 1.1.6. The DOMTimeStamp type
        o 1.1.7. String comparisons in the DOM
        o 1.1.8. XML Namespaces
   * 1.2. Fundamental Interfaces
        o DOMException, ExceptionCode, DOMImplementation, DocumentFragment,
          Document, Node, NodeList, NamedNodeMap, CharacterData, Attr,
          Element, Text, Comment
   * 1.3. Extended Interfaces
        o CDATASection, DocumentType, Notation, Entity, EntityReference,
          ProcessingInstruction

1.1. Overview of the DOM Core Interfaces

This section defines a set of objects and interfaces for accessing and
manipulating document objects. The functionality specified in this section
(the Core functionality) is sufficient to allow software developers and web
script authors to access and manipulate parsed HTML and XML content inside
conforming products. The DOM Core API also allows creation and population of
a Document object using only DOM API calls; loading a Document and saving it
persistently is left to the product that implements the DOM API.

1.1.1. The DOM Structure Model

The DOM presents documents as a hierarchy of Node objects that also
implement other, more specialized interfaces. Some types of nodes may have
child nodes of various types, and others are leaf nodes that cannot have
anything below them in the document structure. For XML and HTML, the node
types, and which node types they may have as children, are as follows:

   * Document -- Element (maximum of one), ProcessingInstruction, Comment,
     DocumentType (maximum of one)
   * DocumentFragment -- Element, ProcessingInstruction, Comment, Text,
     CDATASection, EntityReference
   * DocumentType -- no children
   * EntityReference -- Element, ProcessingInstruction, Comment, Text,
     CDATASection, EntityReference
   * Element -- Element, Text, Comment, ProcessingInstruction, CDATASection,
     EntityReference
   * Attr -- Text, EntityReference
   * ProcessingInstruction -- no children
   * Comment -- no children
   * Text -- no children
   * CDATASection -- no children
   * Entity -- Element, ProcessingInstruction, Comment, Text, CDATASection,
     EntityReference
   * Notation -- no children

The DOM also specifies a NodeList interface to handle ordered lists of
Nodes, such as the children of a Node, or the elements returned by the
getElementsByTagName method of the Element interface, and also a
NamedNodeMap interface to handle unordered sets of nodes referenced by their
name attribute, such as the attributes of an Element. NodeList and
NamedNodeMap objects in the DOM are live; that is, changes to the underlying
document structure are reflected in all relevant NodeList and NamedNodeMap
objects. For example, if a DOM user gets a NodeList object containing the
children of an Element, then subsequently adds more children to that element
(or removes children, or modifies them), those changes are automatically
reflected in the NodeList, without further action on the user's part.
Likewise, changes to a Node in the tree are reflected in all references to
that Node in NodeList and NamedNodeMap objects.

Finally, the interfaces Text, Comment, and CDATASection all inherit from the
CharacterData interface.

1.1.2. Memory Management

Most of the APIs defined by this specification are interfaces rather than
classes. That means that an implementation need only expose methods with the
defined names and specified operation, not implement classes that correspond
directly to the interfaces. This allows the DOM APIs to be implemented as a
thin veneer on top of legacy applications with their own data structures, or
on top of newer applications with different class hierarchies. This also
means that ordinary constructors (in the Java or C++ sense) cannot be used
to create DOM objects, since the underlying objects to be constructed may
have little relationship to the DOM interfaces. The conventional solution to
this in object-oriented design is to define factory methods that create
instances of objects that implement the various interfaces. Objects
implementing some interface "X" are created by a "createX()" method on the
Document interface; this is because all DOM objects live in the context of a
specific Document.

The DOM Level 2 API does not define a standard way to create
DOMImplementation objects; DOM implementations must provide some proprietary
way of bootstrapping these DOM interfaces, and then all other objects can be
built from there.

The Core DOM APIs are designed to be compatible with a wide range of
languages, including both general-user scripting languages and the more
challenging languages used mostly by professional programmers. Thus, the DOM
APIs need to operate across a variety of memory management philosophies,
from language bindings that do not expose memory management to the user at
all, through those (notably Java) that provide explicit constructors but
provide an automatic garbage collection mechanism to automatically reclaim
unused memory, to those (especially C/C++) that generally require the
programmer to explicitly allocate object memory, track where it is used, and
explicitly free it for re-use. To ensure a consistent API across these
platforms, the DOM does not address memory management issues at all, but
instead leaves these for the implementation. Neither of the explicit
language bindings defined by the DOM API (for ECMAScript and Java) require
any memory management methods, but DOM bindings for other languages
(especially C or C++) may require such support. These extensions will be the
responsibility of those adapting the DOM API to a specific language, not the
DOM Working Group.

1.1.3. Naming Conventions

While it would be nice to have attribute and method names that are short,
informative, internally consistent, and familiar to users of similar APIs,
the names also should not clash with the names in legacy APIs supported by
DOM implementations. Furthermore, both OMG IDL and ECMAScript have
significant limitations in their ability to disambiguate names from
different namespaces that make it difficult to avoid naming conflicts with
short, familiar names. So, DOM names tend to be long and descriptive in
order to be unique across all environments.

The Working Group has also attempted to be internally consistent in its use
of various terms, even though these may not be common distinctions in other
APIs. For example, the DOM API uses the method name "remove" when the method
changes the structural model, and the method name "delete" when the method
gets rid of something inside the structure model. The thing that is deleted
is not returned. The thing that is removed may be returned, when it makes
sense to return it.

1.1.4. Inheritance vs. Flattened Views of the API

The DOM Core APIs present two somewhat different sets of interfaces to an
XML/HTML document: one presenting an "object oriented" approach with a
hierarchy of inheritance, and a "simplified" view that allows all
manipulation to be done via the Node interface without requiring casts (in
Java and other C-like languages) or query interface calls in COM
environments. These operations are fairly expensive in Java and COM, and the
DOM may be used in performance-critical environments, so we allow
significant functionality using just the Node interface. Because many other
users will find the inheritance hierarchy easier to understand than the
"everything is a Node" approach to the DOM, we also support the full
higher-level interfaces for those who prefer a more object-oriented API.

In practice, this means that there is a certain amount of redundancy in the
API. The Working Group considers the "inheritance" approach the primary view
of the API, and the full set of functionality on Node to be "extra"
functionality that users may employ, but that does not eliminate the need
for methods on other interfaces that an object-oriented analysis would
dictate. (Of course, when the O-O analysis yields an attribute or method
that is identical to one on the Node interface, we don't specify a
completely redundant one.) Thus, even though there is a generic nodeName
attribute on the Node interface, there is still a tagName attribute on the
Element interface; these two attributes must contain the same value, but the
it is worthwhile to support both, given the different constituencies the DOM
API must satisfy.

1.1.5. The DOMString type

To ensure interoperability, the DOM specifies the following:

   * Type Definition DOMString

          A DOMString is a sequence of 16-bit units.

          IDL Definition

               valuetype DOMString sequence<unsigned short>;

   * Applications must encode DOMString using UTF-16 (defined in [Unicode]
     and Amendment 1 of [ISO/IEC 10646]).
     The UTF-16 encoding was chosen because of its widespread industry
     practice. Note that for both HTML and XML, the document character set
     (and therefore the notation of numeric character references) is based
     on UCS [ISO-10646]. A single numeric character reference in a source
     document may therefore in some cases correspond to two 16-bit units in
     a DOMString (a high surrogate and a low surrogate).

     Note: Even though the DOM defines the name of the string type to be
     DOMString, bindings may use different names. For example for Java,
     DOMString is bound to the String type because it also uses UTF-16 as
     its encoding.

Note: As of August 2000, the OMG IDL specification ([OMGIDL]) included a
wstring type. However, that definition did not meet the interoperability
criteria of the DOM API since it relied on negotiation to decide the width
and encoding of a character.

1.1.6. The DOMTimeStamp type

To ensure interoperability, the DOM specifies the following:

   * Type Definition DOMTimeStamp

          A DOMTimeStamp represents a number of milliseconds.

          IDL Definition

               typedef unsigned long long DOMTimeStamp;

   * Note: Even though the DOM uses the type DOMTimeStamp, bindings may use
     different types. For example for Java, DOMTimeStamp is bound to the
     long type. In ECMAScript, TimeStamp is bound to the Date type because
     the range of the integer type is too small.

1.1.7. String comparisons in the DOM

The DOM has many interfaces that imply string matching. HTML processors
generally assume an uppercase (less often, lowercase) normalization of names
for such things as elements, while XML is explicitly case sensitive. For the
purposes of the DOM, string matching is performed purely by binary
comparison of the 16-bit units of the DOMString. In addition, the DOM
assumes that any case normalizations take place in the processor, before the
DOM structures are built.

Note: Besides case folding, there are additional normalizations that can be
applied to text. The W3C I18N Working Group is in the process of defining
exactly which normalizations are necessary, and where they should be
applied. The W3C I18N Working Group expects to require early normalization,
which means that data read into the DOM is assumed to already be normalized.
The DOM and applications built on top of it in this case only have to assure
that text remains normalized when being changed. For further details, please
see [Charmod].

1.1.8. XML Namespaces

The DOM Level 2 supports XML namespaces [Namespaces] by augmenting several
interfaces of the DOM Level 1 Core to allow creating and manipulating
elements and attributes associated to a namespace.

As far as the DOM is concerned, special attributes used for declaring XML
namespaces are still exposed and can be manipulated just like any other
attribute. However, nodes are permanently bound to namespace URIs as they
get created. Consequently, moving a node within a document, using the DOM,
in no case results in a change of its namespace prefix or namespace URI.
Similarly, creating a node with a namespace prefix and namespace URI, or
changing the namespace prefix of a node, does not result in any addition,
removal, or modification of any special attributes for declaring the
appropriate XML namespaces. Namespace validation is not enforced; the DOM
application is responsible. In particular, since the mapping between
prefixes and namespace URIs is not enforced, in general, the resulting
document cannot be serialized naively. For example, applications may have to
declare every namespace in use when serializing a document.

DOM Level 2 doesn't perform any URI normalization or canonicalization. The
URIs given to the DOM are assumed to be valid (e.g., characters such as
whitespaces are properly escaped), and no lexical checking is performed.
Absolute URI references are treated as strings and compared literally. How
relative namespace URI references are treated is undefined. To ensure
interoperability only absolute namespace URI references (i.e., URI
references beginning with a scheme name and a colon) should be used. Note
that because the DOM does no lexical checking, the empty string will be
treated as a real namespace URI in DOM Level 2 methods. Applications must
use the value null as the namespaceURI parameter for methods if they wish to
have no namespace.

Note: In the DOM, all namespace declaration attributes are by definition
bound to the namespace URI: "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/". These are the
attributes whose namespace prefix or qualified name is "xmlns". Although, at
the time of writing, this is not part of the XML Namespaces specification
[Namespaces], it is planned to be incorporated in a future revision.

In a document with no namespaces, the child list of an EntityReference node
is always the same as that of the corresponding Entity. This is not true in
a document where an entity contains unbound namespace prefixes. In such a
case, the descendants of the corresponding EntityReference nodes may be
bound to different namespace URIs, depending on where the entity references
are. Also, because, in the DOM, nodes always remain bound to the same
namespace URI, moving such EntityReference nodes can lead to documents that
cannot be serialized. This is also true when the DOM Level 1 method
createEntityReference of the Document interface is used to create entity
references that correspond to such entities, since the descendants of the
returned EntityReference are unbound. The DOM Level 2 does not support any
mechanism to resolve namespace prefixes. For all of these reasons, use of
such entities and entity references should be avoided or used with extreme
care. A future Level of the DOM may include some additional support for
handling these.

The new methods, such as createElementNS and createAttributeNS of the
Document interface, are meant to be used by namespace aware applications.
Simple applications that do not use namespaces can use the DOM Level 1
methods, such as createElement and createAttribute. Elements and attributes
created in this way do not have any namespace prefix, namespace URI, or
local name.

Note: DOM Level 1 methods are namespace ignorant. Therefore, while it is
safe to use these methods when not dealing with namespaces, using them and
the new ones at the same time should be avoided. DOM Level 1 methods solely
identify attribute nodes by their nodeName. On the contrary, the DOM Level 2
methods related to namespaces, identify attribute nodes by their
namespaceURI and localName. Because of this fundamental difference, mixing
both sets of methods can lead to unpredictable results. In particular, using
setAttributeNS, an element may have two attributes (or more) that have the
same nodeName, but different namespaceURIs. Calling getAttribute with that
nodeName could then return any of those attributes. The result depends on
the implementation. Similarly, using setAttributeNode, one can set two
attributes (or more) that have different nodeNames but the same prefix and
namespaceURI. In this case getAttributeNodeNS will return either attribute,
in an implementation dependent manner. The only guarantee in such cases is
that all methods that access a named item by its nodeName will access the
same item, and all methods which access a node by its URI and local name
will access the same node. For instance, setAttribute and setAttributeNS
affect the node that getAttribute and getAttributeNS, respectively, return.

1.2. Fundamental Interfaces

The interfaces within this section are considered fundamental, and must be
fully implemented by all conforming implementations of the DOM, including
all HTML DOM implementations [DOM Level 2 HTML], unless otherwise specified.

A DOM application may use the hasFeature(feature, version) method of the
DOMImplementation interface with parameter values "Core" and "2.0"
(respectively) to determine whether or not this module is supported by the
implementation. Any implementation that conforms to DOM Level 2 or a DOM
Level 2 module must conform to the Core module. Please refer to additional
information about conformance in this specification.

Exception DOMException

     DOM operations only raise exceptions in "exceptional" circumstances,
     i.e., when an operation is impossible to perform (either for logical
     reasons, because data is lost, or because the implementation has become
     unstable). In general, DOM methods return specific error values in
     ordinary processing situations, such as out-of-bound errors when using
     NodeList.

     Implementations should raise other exceptions under other
     circumstances. For example, implementations should raise an
     implementation-dependent exception if a null argument is passed.

     Some languages and object systems do not support the concept of
     exceptions. For such systems, error conditions may be indicated using
     native error reporting mechanisms. For some bindings, for example,
     methods may return error codes similar to those listed in the
     corresponding method descriptions.

     IDL Definition

          exception DOMException {
            unsigned short   code;
          };
          // ExceptionCode
          const unsigned short      INDEX_SIZE_ERR                 = 1;
          const unsigned short      DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR             = 2;
          const unsigned short      HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR          = 3;
          const unsigned short      WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR             = 4;
          const unsigned short      INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR          = 5;
          const unsigned short      NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR            = 6;
          const unsigned short      NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR    = 7;
          const unsigned short      NOT_FOUND_ERR                  = 8;
          const unsigned short      NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR              = 9;
          const unsigned short      INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR            = 10;
          // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
          const unsigned short      INVALID_STATE_ERR              = 11;
          // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
          const unsigned short      SYNTAX_ERR                     = 12;
          // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
          const unsigned short      INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR       = 13;
          // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
          const unsigned short      NAMESPACE_ERR                  = 14;
          // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
          const unsigned short      INVALID_ACCESS_ERR             = 15;

     Definition group ExceptionCode

          An integer indicating the type of error generated.

          Note: Other numeric codes are reserved for W3C for possible future
          use.

          Defined Constants
               DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR
                    If the specified range of text does not fit into a
                    DOMString
               HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR
                    If any node is inserted somewhere it doesn't belong
               INDEX_SIZE_ERR
                    If index or size is negative, or greater than the
                    allowed value
               INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR
                    If an attempt is made to add an attribute that is
                    already in use elsewhere
               INVALID_ACCESS_ERR, introduced in DOM Level 2.
                    If a parameter or an operation is not supported by the
                    underlying object.
               INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR
                    If an invalid or illegal character is specified, such as
                    in a name. See production 2 in the XML specification for
                    the definition of a legal character, and production 5
                    for the definition of a legal name character.
               INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR, introduced in DOM Level 2.
                    If an attempt is made to modify the type of the
                    underlying object.
               INVALID_STATE_ERR, introduced in DOM Level 2.
                    If an attempt is made to use an object that is not, or
                    is no longer, usable.
               NAMESPACE_ERR, introduced in DOM Level 2.
                    If an attempt is made to create or change an object in a
                    way which is incorrect with regard to namespaces.
               NOT_FOUND_ERR
                    If an attempt is made to reference a node in a context
                    where it does not exist
               NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR
                    If the implementation does not support the requested
                    type of object or operation.
               NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR
                    If data is specified for a node which does not support
                    data
               NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR
                    If an attempt is made to modify an object where
                    modifications are not allowed
               SYNTAX_ERR, introduced in DOM Level 2.
                    If an invalid or illegal string is specified.
               WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR
                    If a node is used in a different document than the one
                    that created it (that doesn't support it)
Interface DOMImplementation

     The DOMImplementation interface provides a number of methods for
     performing operations that are independent of any particular instance
     of the document object model.

     IDL Definition

          interface DOMImplementation {
            boolean            hasFeature(in DOMString feature,
                                          in DOMString version);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            DocumentType       createDocumentType(in DOMString qualifiedName,
                                                  in DOMString publicId,
                                                  in DOMString systemId)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            Document           createDocument(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                              in DOMString qualifiedName,
                                              in DocumentType doctype)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
          };

     Methods
          createDocument introduced in DOM Level 2
               Creates an XML Document object of the specified type with its
               document element. HTML-only DOM implementations do not need
               to implement this method.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the document element to create.
               qualifiedName of type DOMString
                    The qualified name of the document element to be
                    created.
               doctype of type DocumentType
                    The type of document to be created or null.
                    When doctype is not null, its Node.ownerDocument
                    attribute is set to the document being created.
               Return Value
               Document A new Document object.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            qualified name contains an illegal character.

                            NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the qualifiedName is
                            malformed, if the qualifiedName has a prefix
                            and the namespaceURI is null, or if the
                            qualifiedName has a prefix that is "xml" and
                            the namespaceURI is different from
                            "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
                            [Namespaces].

                            WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if doctype has
                            already been used with a different document or
                            was created from a different implementation.
          createDocumentType introduced in DOM Level 2
               Creates an empty DocumentType node. Entity declarations and
               notations are not made available. Entity reference expansions
               and default attribute additions do not occur. It is expected
               that a future version of the DOM will provide a way for
               populating a DocumentType.
               HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to implement this
               method.
               Parameters
               qualifiedName of type DOMString
                    The qualified name of the document type to be created.
               publicId of type DOMString
                    The external subset public identifier.
               systemId of type DOMString
                    The external subset system identifier.
               Return Value
               DocumentType A new DocumentType node with Node.ownerDocument
                            set to null.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            qualified name contains an illegal character.

                            NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the qualifiedName is
                            malformed.
          hasFeature
               Test if the DOM implementation implements a specific feature.
               Parameters
               feature of type DOMString
                    The name of the feature to test (case-insensitive). The
                    values used by DOM features are defined throughout the
                    DOM Level 2 specifications and listed in the Conformance
                    section. The name must be an XML name. To avoid possible
                    conflicts, as a convention, names referring to features
                    defined outside the DOM specification should be made
                    unique by reversing the name of the Internet domain name
                    of the person (or the organization that the person
                    belongs to) who defines the feature, component by
                    component, and using this as a prefix. For instance, the
                    W3C SVG Working Group defines the feature
                    "org.w3c.dom.svg".
               version of type DOMString
                    This is the version number of the feature to test. In
                    Level 2, the string can be either "2.0" or "1.0". If the
                    version is not specified, supporting any version of the
                    feature causes the method to return true.
               Return Value
               boolean true if the feature is implemented in the specified
                       version, false otherwise.
               No Exceptions
Interface DocumentFragment

     DocumentFragment is a "lightweight" or "minimal" Document object. It is
     very common to want to be able to extract a portion of a document's
     tree or to create a new fragment of a document. Imagine implementing a
     user command like cut or rearranging a document by moving fragments
     around. It is desirable to have an object which can hold such fragments
     and it is quite natural to use a Node for this purpose. While it is
     true that a Document object could fulfill this role, a Document object
     can potentially be a heavyweight object, depending on the underlying
     implementation. What is really needed for this is a very lightweight
     object. DocumentFragment is such an object.

     Furthermore, various operations -- such as inserting nodes as children
     of another Node -- may take DocumentFragment objects as arguments; this
     results in all the child nodes of the DocumentFragment being moved to
     the child list of this node.

     The children of a DocumentFragment node are zero or more nodes
     representing the tops of any sub-trees defining the structure of the
     document. DocumentFragment nodes do not need to be well-formed XML
     documents (although they do need to follow the rules imposed upon
     well-formed XML parsed entities, which can have multiple top nodes).
     For example, a DocumentFragment might have only one child and that
     child node could be a Text node. Such a structure model represents
     neither an HTML document nor a well-formed XML document.

     When a DocumentFragment is inserted into a Document (or indeed any
     other Node that may take children) the children of the DocumentFragment
     and not the DocumentFragment itself are inserted into the Node. This
     makes the DocumentFragment very useful when the user wishes to create
     nodes that are siblings; the DocumentFragment acts as the parent of
     these nodes so that the user can use the standard methods from the Node
     interface, such as insertBefore and appendChild.

     IDL Definition

          interface DocumentFragment : Node {
          };

Interface Document

     The Document interface represents the entire HTML or XML document.
     Conceptually, it is the root of the document tree, and provides the
     primary access to the document's data.

     Since elements, text nodes, comments, processing instructions, etc.
     cannot exist outside the context of a Document, the Document interface
     also contains the factory methods needed to create these objects. The
     Node objects created have a ownerDocument attribute which associates
     them with the Document within whose context they were created.

     IDL Definition

          interface Document : Node {
            readonly attribute DocumentType     doctype;
            readonly attribute DOMImplementation  implementation;
            readonly attribute Element          documentElement;
            Element            createElement(in DOMString tagName)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            DocumentFragment   createDocumentFragment();
            Text               createTextNode(in DOMString data);
            Comment            createComment(in DOMString data);
            CDATASection       createCDATASection(in DOMString data)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            ProcessingInstruction createProcessingInstruction(in DOMString target,
                                                              in DOMString data)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            Attr               createAttribute(in DOMString name)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            EntityReference    createEntityReference(in DOMString name)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            NodeList           getElementsByTagName(in DOMString tagname);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            Node               importNode(in Node importedNode,
                                          in boolean deep)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            Element            createElementNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                               in DOMString qualifiedName)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            Attr               createAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                                 in DOMString qualifiedName)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            NodeList           getElementsByTagNameNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                                      in DOMString localName);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            Element            getElementById(in DOMString elementId);
          };

     Attributes
          doctype of type DocumentType, readonly
               The Document Type Declaration (see DocumentType) associated
               with this document. For HTML documents as well as XML
               documents without a document type declaration this returns
               null. The DOM Level 2 does not support editing the Document
               Type Declaration. docType cannot be altered in any way,
               including through the use of methods inherited from the Node
               interface, such as insertNode or removeNode.
          documentElement of type Element, readonly
               This is a convenience attribute that allows direct access to
               the child node that is the root element of the document. For
               HTML documents, this is the element with the tagName "HTML".
          implementation of type DOMImplementation, readonly
               The DOMImplementation object that handles this document. A
               DOM application may use objects from multiple
               implementations.
     Methods
          createAttribute
               Creates an Attr of the given name. Note that the Attr
               instance can then be set on an Element using the
               setAttributeNode method.
               To create an attribute with a qualified name and namespace
               URI, use the createAttributeNS method.
               Parameters
               name of type DOMString
                    The name of the attribute.
               Return Value
               Attr A new Attr object with the nodeName attribute set to
                    name, and localName, prefix, and namespaceURI set to
                    null. The value of the attribute is the empty string.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            name contains an illegal character.
          createAttributeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Creates an attribute of the given qualified name and
               namespace URI. HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to
               implement this method.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the attribute to create.
               qualifiedName of type DOMString
                    The qualified name of the attribute to instantiate.
               Return Value
               Attr A new Attr object with the following attributes:

                         Attribute                    Value
                     Node.nodeName    qualifiedName
                     Node.namespaceURInamespaceURI
                     Node.prefix      prefix, extracted from
                                      qualifiedName, or null if there is
                                      no prefix
                     Node.localName   local name, extracted from
                                      qualifiedName
                     Attr.name        qualifiedName
                     Node.nodeValue   the empty string
               Exceptions
               DOMException INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            qualified name contains an illegal character.

                            NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the qualifiedName is
                            malformed, if the qualifiedName has a prefix
                            and the namespaceURI is null, if the
                            qualifiedName has a prefix that is "xml" and
                            the namespaceURI is different from
                            "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace", or if
                            the qualifiedName is "xmlns" and the
                            namespaceURI is different from
                            "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/".
          createCDATASection
               Creates a CDATASection node whose value is the specified
               string.
               Parameters
               data of type DOMString
                    The data for the CDATASection contents.
               Return Value
               CDATASection The new CDATASection object.
               Exceptions
               DOMException NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Raised if this document is
                            an HTML document.
          createComment
               Creates a Comment node given the specified string.
               Parameters
               data of type DOMString
                    The data for the node.
               Return Value
               Comment The new Comment object.
               No Exceptions
          createDocumentFragment
               Creates an empty DocumentFragment object.
               Return Value
               DocumentFragment A new DocumentFragment.
               No Parameters
               No Exceptions
          createElement
               Creates an element of the type specified. Note that the
               instance returned implements the Element interface, so
               attributes can be specified directly on the returned object.
               In addition, if there are known attributes with default
               values, Attr nodes representing them are automatically
               created and attached to the element.
               To create an element with a qualified name and namespace URI,
               use the createElementNS method.
               Parameters
               tagName of type DOMString
                    The name of the element type to instantiate. For XML,
                    this is case-sensitive. For HTML, the tagName parameter
                    may be provided in any case, but it must be mapped to
                    the canonical uppercase form by the DOM implementation.
               Return Value
               Element A new Element object with the nodeName attribute set
                       to tagName, and localName, prefix, and namespaceURI
                       set to null.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            name contains an illegal character.
          createElementNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Creates an element of the given qualified name and namespace
               URI. HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to implement
               this method.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the element to create.
               qualifiedName of type DOMString
                    The qualified name of the element type to instantiate.
               Return Value
               Element A new Element object with the following attributes:

                            Attribute                   Value
                        Node.nodeName    qualifiedName
                        Node.namespaceURInamespaceURI
                        Node.prefix      prefix, extracted from
                                         qualifiedName, or null if there
                                         is no prefix
                        Node.localName   local name, extracted from
                                         qualifiedName
                        Element.tagName  qualifiedName
               Exceptions
               DOMException INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            qualified name contains an illegal character.

                            NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the qualifiedName is
                            malformed, if the qualifiedName has a prefix
                            and the namespaceURI is null, or if the
                            qualifiedName has a prefix that is "xml" and
                            the namespaceURI is different from
                            "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
                            [Namespaces].
          createEntityReference
               Creates an EntityReference object. In addition, if the
               referenced entity is known, the child list of the
               EntityReference node is made the same as that of the
               corresponding Entity node.

               Note: If any descendant of the Entity node has an unbound
               namespace prefix, the corresponding descendant of the created
               EntityReference node is also unbound; (its namespaceURI is
               null). The DOM Level 2 does not support any mechanism to
               resolve namespace prefixes.

               Parameters
               name of type DOMString
                    The name of the entity to reference.
               Return Value
               EntityReference The new EntityReference object.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            name contains an illegal character.

                            NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Raised if this document is
                            an HTML document.
          createProcessingInstruction
               Creates a ProcessingInstruction node given the specified name
               and data strings.
               Parameters
               target of type DOMString
                    The target part of the processing instruction.
               data of type DOMString
                    The data for the node.
               Return Value
               ProcessingInstruction The new ProcessingInstruction object.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            target contains an illegal character.

                            NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Raised if this document is
                            an HTML document.
          createTextNode
               Creates a Text node given the specified string.
               Parameters
               data of type DOMString
                    The data for the node.
               Return Value
               Text The new Text object.
               No Exceptions
          getElementById introduced in DOM Level 2
               Returns the Element whose ID is given by elementId. If no
               such element exists, returns null. Behavior is not defined if
               more than one element has this ID.

               Note: The DOM implementation must have information that says
               which attributes are of type ID. Attributes with the name
               "ID" are not of type ID unless so defined. Implementations
               that do not know whether attributes are of type ID or not are
               expected to return null.

               Parameters
               elementId of type DOMString
                    The unique id value for an element.
               Return Value
               Element The matching element.
               No Exceptions
          getElementsByTagName
               Returns a NodeList of all the Elements with a given tag name
               in the order in which they are encountered in a preorder
               traversal of the Document tree.
               Parameters
               tagname of type DOMString
                    The name of the tag to match on. The special value "*"
                    matches all tags.
               Return Value
               NodeList A new NodeList object containing all the matched
                        Elements.
               No Exceptions
          getElementsByTagNameNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Returns a NodeList of all the Elements with a given local
               name and namespace URI in the order in which they are
               encountered in a preorder traversal of the Document tree.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the elements to match on. The
                    special value "*" matches all namespaces.
               localName of type DOMString
                    The local name of the elements to match on. The special
                    value "*" matches all local names.
               Return Value
               NodeList A new NodeList object containing all the matched
                        Elements.
               No Exceptions
          importNode introduced in DOM Level 2
               Imports a node from another document to this document. The
               returned node has no parent; (parentNode is null). The source
               node is not altered or removed from the original document;
               this method creates a new copy of the source node.
               For all nodes, importing a node creates a node object owned
               by the importing document, with attribute values identical to
               the source node's nodeName and nodeType, plus the attributes
               related to namespaces (prefix, localName, and namespaceURI).
               As in the cloneNode operation on a Node, the source node is
               not altered.
               Additional information is copied as appropriate to the
               nodeType, attempting to mirror the behavior expected if a
               fragment of XML or HTML source was copied from one document
               to another, recognizing that the two documents may have
               different DTDs in the XML case. The following list describes
               the specifics for each type of node.
               ATTRIBUTE_NODE
                    The ownerElement attribute is set to null and the
                    specified flag is set to true on the generated Attr. The
                    descendants of the source Attr are recursively imported
                    and the resulting nodes reassembled to form the
                    corresponding subtree.
                    Note that the deep parameter has no effect on Attr
                    nodes; they always carry their children with them when
                    imported.
               DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE
                    If the deep option was set to true, the descendants of
                    the source element are recursively imported and the
                    resulting nodes reassembled to form the corresponding
                    subtree. Otherwise, this simply generates an empty
                    DocumentFragment.
               DOCUMENT_NODE
                    Document nodes cannot be imported.
               DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE
                    DocumentType nodes cannot be imported.
               ELEMENT_NODE
                    Specified attribute nodes of the source element are
                    imported, and the generated Attr nodes are attached to
                    the generated Element. Default attributes are not
                    copied, though if the document being imported into
                    defines default attributes for this element name, those
                    are assigned. If the importNode deep parameter was set
                    to true, the descendants of the source element are
                    recursively imported and the resulting nodes reassembled
                    to form the corresponding subtree.
               ENTITY_NODE
                    Entity nodes can be imported, however in the current
                    release of the DOM the DocumentType is readonly. Ability
                    to add these imported nodes to a DocumentType will be
                    considered for addition to a future release of the DOM.
                    On import, the publicId, systemId, and notationName
                    attributes are copied. If a deep import is requested,
                    the descendants of the the source Entity are recursively
                    imported and the resulting nodes reassembled to form the
                    corresponding subtree.
               ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE
                    Only the EntityReference itself is copied, even if a
                    deep import is requested, since the source and
                    destination documents might have defined the entity
                    differently. If the document being imported into
                    provides a definition for this entity name, its value is
                    assigned.
               NOTATION_NODE
                    Notation nodes can be imported, however in the current
                    release of the DOM the DocumentType is readonly. Ability
                    to add these imported nodes to a DocumentType will be
                    considered for addition to a future release of the DOM.
                    On import, the publicId and systemId attributes are
                    copied.
                    Note that the deep parameter has no effect on Notation
                    nodes since they never have any children.
               PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE
                    The imported node copies its target and data values from
                    those of the source node.
               TEXT_NODE, CDATA_SECTION_NODE, COMMENT_NODE
                    These three types of nodes inheriting from CharacterData
                    copy their data and length attributes from those of the
                    source node.
               Parameters
               importedNode of type Node
                    The node to import.
               deep of type boolean
                    If true, recursively import the subtree under the
                    specified node; if false, import only the node itself,
                    as explained above. This has no effect on Attr,
                    EntityReference, and Notation nodes.
               Return Value
               Node The imported node that belongs to this Document.
               Exceptions
               DOMException NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Raised if the type of node
                            being imported is not supported.
Interface Node

     The Node interface is the primary datatype for the entire Document
     Object Model. It represents a single node in the document tree. While
     all objects implementing the Node interface expose methods for dealing
     with children, not all objects implementing the Node interface may have
     children. For example, Text nodes may not have children, and adding
     children to such nodes results in a DOMException being raised.

     The attributes nodeName, nodeValue and attributes are included as a
     mechanism to get at node information without casting down to the
     specific derived interface. In cases where there is no obvious mapping
     of these attributes for a specific nodeType (e.g., nodeValue for an
     Element or attributes for a Comment), this returns null. Note that the
     specialized interfaces may contain additional and more convenient
     mechanisms to get and set the relevant information.

     IDL Definition

          interface Node {

            // NodeType
            const unsigned short      ELEMENT_NODE                   = 1;
            const unsigned short      ATTRIBUTE_NODE                 = 2;
            const unsigned short      TEXT_NODE                      = 3;
            const unsigned short      CDATA_SECTION_NODE             = 4;
            const unsigned short      ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE          = 5;
            const unsigned short      ENTITY_NODE                    = 6;
            const unsigned short      PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE    = 7;
            const unsigned short      COMMENT_NODE                   = 8;
            const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_NODE                  = 9;
            const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE             = 10;
            const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE         = 11;
            const unsigned short      NOTATION_NODE                  = 12;

            readonly attribute DOMString        nodeName;
                     attribute DOMString        nodeValue;
                                                  // raises(DOMException) on setting
                                                  // raises(DOMException) on retrieval

            readonly attribute unsigned short   nodeType;
            readonly attribute Node             parentNode;
            readonly attribute NodeList         childNodes;
            readonly attribute Node             firstChild;
            readonly attribute Node             lastChild;
            readonly attribute Node             previousSibling;
            readonly attribute Node             nextSibling;
            readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     attributes;
            // Modified in DOM Level 2:
            readonly attribute Document         ownerDocument;
            Node               insertBefore(in Node newChild,
                                            in Node refChild)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            Node               replaceChild(in Node newChild,
                                            in Node oldChild)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            Node               removeChild(in Node oldChild)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            Node               appendChild(in Node newChild)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            boolean            hasChildNodes();
            Node               cloneNode(in boolean deep);
            // Modified in DOM Level 2:
            void               normalize();
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            boolean            isSupported(in DOMString feature,
                                           in DOMString version);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            readonly attribute DOMString        namespaceURI;
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
                     attribute DOMString        prefix;
                                                  // raises(DOMException) on setting

            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            readonly attribute DOMString        localName;
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            boolean            hasAttributes();
          };

     Definition group NodeType

          An integer indicating which type of node this is.

          Note: Numeric codes up to 200 are reserved to W3C for possible
          future use.

          Defined Constants
               ATTRIBUTE_NODE
                    The node is an Attr.
               CDATA_SECTION_NODE
                    The node is a CDATASection.
               COMMENT_NODE
                    The node is a Comment.
               DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE
                    The node is a DocumentFragment.
               DOCUMENT_NODE
                    The node is a Document.
               DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE
                    The node is a DocumentType.
               ELEMENT_NODE
                    The node is an Element.
               ENTITY_NODE
                    The node is an Entity.
               ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE
                    The node is an EntityReference.
               NOTATION_NODE
                    The node is a Notation.
               PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE
                    The node is a ProcessingInstruction.
               TEXT_NODE
                    The node is a Text node.

          The values of nodeName, nodeValue, and attributes vary according
          to the node type as follows:

                 Interface            nodeName       nodeValue  attributes
           Attr                 name of attribute   value of   null
                                                    attribute
           CDATASection         #cdata-section      content of null
                                                    the CDATA
                                                    Section
           Comment              #comment            content of null
                                                    the
                                                    comment
           Document             #document           null       null
           DocumentFragment     #document-fragment  null       null
           DocumentType         document type name  null       null
           Element              tag name            null       NamedNodeMap
           Entity               entity name         null       null
           EntityReference      name of entity      null       null
                                referenced
           Notation             notation name       null       null
           ProcessingInstructiontarget              entire     null
                                                    content
                                                    excluding
                                                    the target
           Text                 #text               content of null
                                                    the text
                                                    node
     Attributes
          attributes of type NamedNodeMap, readonly
               A NamedNodeMap containing the attributes of this node (if it
               is an Element) or null otherwise.
          childNodes of type NodeList, readonly
               A NodeList that contains all children of this node. If there
               are no children, this is a NodeList containing no nodes.
          firstChild of type Node, readonly
               The first child of this node. If there is no such node, this
               returns null.
          lastChild of type Node, readonly
               The last child of this node. If there is no such node, this
               returns null.
          localName of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 2
               Returns the local part of the qualified name of this node.
               For nodes of any type other than ELEMENT_NODE and
               ATTRIBUTE_NODE and nodes created with a DOM Level 1 method,
               such as createElement from the Document interface, this is
               always null.
          namespaceURI of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM Level
          2
               The namespace URI of this node, or null if it is unspecified.
               This is not a computed value that is the result of a
               namespace lookup based on an examination of the namespace
               declarations in scope. It is merely the namespace URI given
               at creation time.
               For nodes of any type other than ELEMENT_NODE and
               ATTRIBUTE_NODE and nodes created with a DOM Level 1 method,
               such as createElement from the Document interface, this is
               always null.

               Note: Per the Namespaces in XML Specification [Namespaces] an
               attribute does not inherit its namespace from the element it
               is attached to. If an attribute is not explicitly given a
               namespace, it simply has no namespace.

          nextSibling of type Node, readonly
               The node immediately following this node. If there is no such
               node, this returns null.
          nodeName of type DOMString, readonly
               The name of this node, depending on its type; see the table
               above.
          nodeType of type unsigned short, readonly
               A code representing the type of the underlying object, as
               defined above.
          nodeValue of type DOMString
               The value of this node, depending on its type; see the table
               above. When it is defined to be null, setting it has no
               effect.
               Exceptions on setting
               DOMException NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised when the
                            node is readonly.
               Exceptions on retrieval
               DOMException DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR: Raised when it would return
                            more characters than fit in a DOMString
                            variable on the implementation platform.
          ownerDocument of type Document, readonly, modified in DOM Level 2
               The Document object associated with this node. This is also
               the Document object used to create new nodes. When this node
               is a Document or a DocumentType which is not used with any
               Document yet, this is null.
          parentNode of type Node, readonly
               The parent of this node. All nodes, except Attr, Document,
               DocumentFragment, Entity, and Notation may have a parent.
               However, if a node has just been created and not yet added to
               the tree, or if it has been removed from the tree, this is
               null.
          prefix of type DOMString, introduced in DOM Level 2
               The namespace prefix of this node, or null if it is
               unspecified.
               Note that setting this attribute, when permitted, changes the
               nodeName attribute, which holds the qualified name, as well
               as the tagName and name attributes of the Element and Attr
               interfaces, when applicable.
               Note also that changing the prefix of an attribute that is
               known to have a default value, does not make a new attribute
               with the default value and the original prefix appear, since
               the namespaceURI and localName do not change.
               For nodes of any type other than ELEMENT_NODE and
               ATTRIBUTE_NODE and nodes created with a DOM Level 1 method,
               such as createElement from the Document interface, this is
               always null.
               Exceptions on setting
               DOMException INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            prefix contains an illegal character.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.

                            NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the specified prefix
                            is malformed, if the namespaceURI of this node
                            is null, if the specified prefix is "xml" and
                            the namespaceURI of this node is different from
                            "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace", if this
                            node is an attribute and the specified prefix
                            is "xmlns" and the namespaceURI of this node is
                            different from "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/",
                            or if this node is an attribute and the
                            qualifiedName of this node is "xmlns"
                            [Namespaces].
          previousSibling of type Node, readonly
               The node immediately preceding this node. If there is no such
               node, this returns null.
     Methods
          appendChild
               Adds the node newChild to the end of the list of children of
               this node. If the newChild is already in the tree, it is
               first removed.
               Parameters
               newChild of type Node
                    The node to add.
                    If it is a DocumentFragment object, the entire contents
                    of the document fragment are moved into the child list
                    of this node
               Return Value
               Node The node added.
               Exceptions
               DOMException HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR: Raised if this node is
                            of a type that does not allow children of the
                            type of the newChild node, or if the node to
                            append is one of this node's ancestors.

                            WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if newChild was
                            created from a different document than the one
                            that created this node.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.
          cloneNode
               Returns a duplicate of this node, i.e., serves as a generic
               copy constructor for nodes. The duplicate node has no parent;
               (parentNode is null.).
               Cloning an Element copies all attributes and their values,
               including those generated by the XML processor to represent
               defaulted attributes, but this method does not copy any text
               it contains unless it is a deep clone, since the text is
               contained in a child Text node. Cloning an Attribute
               directly, as opposed to be cloned as part of an Element
               cloning operation, returns a specified attribute (specified
               is true). Cloning any other type of node simply returns a
               copy of this node.
               Note that cloning an immutable subtree results in a mutable
               copy, but the children of an EntityReference clone are
               readonly. In addition, clones of unspecified Attr nodes are
               specified. And, cloning Document, DocumentType, Entity, and
               Notation nodes is implementation dependent.
               Parameters
               deep of type boolean
                    If true, recursively clone the subtree under the
                    specified node; if false, clone only the node itself
                    (and its attributes, if it is an Element).
               Return Value
               Node The duplicate node.
               No Exceptions
          hasAttributes introduced in DOM Level 2
               Returns whether this node (if it is an element) has any
               attributes.
               Return Value
               boolean true if this node has any attributes, false
                       otherwise.
               No Parameters
               No Exceptions
          hasChildNodes
               Returns whether this node has any children.
               Return Value
               boolean true if this node has any children, false otherwise.
               No Parameters
               No Exceptions
          insertBefore
               Inserts the node newChild before the existing child node
               refChild. If refChild is null, insert newChild at the end of
               the list of children.
               If newChild is a DocumentFragment object, all of its children
               are inserted, in the same order, before refChild. If the
               newChild is already in the tree, it is first removed.
               Parameters
               newChild of type Node
                    The node to insert.
               refChild of type Node
                    The reference node, i.e., the node before which the new
                    node must be inserted.
               Return Value
               Node The node being inserted.
               Exceptions
               DOMException HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR: Raised if this node is
                            of a type that does not allow children of the
                            type of the newChild node, or if the node to
                            insert is one of this node's ancestors.

                            WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if newChild was
                            created from a different document than the one
                            that created this node.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly or if the parent of the node
                            being inserted is readonly.

                            NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if refChild is not a
                            child of this node.
          isSupported introduced in DOM Level 2
               Tests whether the DOM implementation implements a specific
               feature and that feature is supported by this node.
               Parameters
               feature of type DOMString
                    The name of the feature to test. This is the same name
                    which can be passed to the method hasFeature on
                    DOMImplementation.
               version of type DOMString
                    This is the version number of the feature to test. In
                    Level 2, version 1, this is the string "2.0". If the
                    version is not specified, supporting any version of the
                    feature will cause the method to return true.
               Return Value
               boolean Returns true if the specified feature is supported
                       on this node, false otherwise.
               No Exceptions
          normalize modified in DOM Level 2
               Puts all Text nodes in the full depth of the sub-tree
               underneath this Node, including attribute nodes, into a
               "normal" form where only structure (e.g., elements, comments,
               processing instructions, CDATA sections, and entity
               references) separates Text nodes, i.e., there are neither
               adjacent Text nodes nor empty Text nodes. This can be used to
               ensure that the DOM view of a document is the same as if it
               were saved and re-loaded, and is useful when operations (such
               as XPointer [XPointer] lookups) that depend on a particular
               document tree structure are to be used.

               Note: In cases where the document contains CDATASections, the
               normalize operation alone may not be sufficient, since
               XPointers do not differentiate between Text nodes and
               CDATASection nodes.

               No Parameters
               No Return Value
               No Exceptions
          removeChild
               Removes the child node indicated by oldChild from the list of
               children, and returns it.
               Parameters
               oldChild of type Node
                    The node being removed.
               Return Value
               Node The node removed.
               Exceptions
               DOMException NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.

                            NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if oldChild is not a
                            child of this node.
          replaceChild
               Replaces the child node oldChild with newChild in the list of
               children, and returns the oldChild node.
               If newChild is a DocumentFragment object, oldChild is
               replaced by all of the DocumentFragment children, which are
               inserted in the same order. If the newChild is already in the
               tree, it is first removed.
               Parameters
               newChild of type Node
                    The new node to put in the child list.
               oldChild of type Node
                    The node being replaced in the list.
               Return Value
               Node The node replaced.
               Exceptions
               DOMException HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR: Raised if this node is
                            of a type that does not allow children of the
                            type of the newChild node, or if the node to
                            put in is one of this node's ancestors.

                            WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if newChild was
                            created from a different document than the one
                            that created this node.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node or the parent of the new node is readonly.

                            NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if oldChild is not a
                            child of this node.
Interface NodeList

     The NodeList interface provides the abstraction of an ordered
     collection of nodes, without defining or constraining how this
     collection is implemented. NodeList objects in the DOM are live.

     The items in the NodeList are accessible via an integral index,
     starting from 0.

     IDL Definition

          interface NodeList {
            Node               item(in unsigned long index);
            readonly attribute unsigned long    length;
          };

     Attributes
          length of type unsigned long, readonly
               The number of nodes in the list. The range of valid child
               node indices is 0 to length-1 inclusive.
     Methods
          item
               Returns the indexth item in the collection. If index is
               greater than or equal to the number of nodes in the list,
               this returns null.
               Parameters
               index of type unsigned long
                    Index into the collection.
               Return Value
               Node The node at the indexth position in the NodeList, or
                    null if that is not a valid index.
               No Exceptions
Interface NamedNodeMap

     Objects implementing the NamedNodeMap interface are used to represent
     collections of nodes that can be accessed by name. Note that
     NamedNodeMap does not inherit from NodeList; NamedNodeMaps are not
     maintained in any particular order. Objects contained in an object
     implementing NamedNodeMap may also be accessed by an ordinal index, but
     this is simply to allow convenient enumeration of the contents of a
     NamedNodeMap, and does not imply that the DOM specifies an order to
     these Nodes.

     NamedNodeMap objects in the DOM are live.

     IDL Definition

          interface NamedNodeMap {
            Node               getNamedItem(in DOMString name);
            Node               setNamedItem(in Node arg)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            Node               removeNamedItem(in DOMString name)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            Node               item(in unsigned long index);
            readonly attribute unsigned long    length;
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            Node               getNamedItemNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                              in DOMString localName);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            Node               setNamedItemNS(in Node arg)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            Node               removeNamedItemNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                                 in DOMString localName)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
          };

     Attributes
          length of type unsigned long, readonly
               The number of nodes in this map. The range of valid child
               node indices is 0 to length-1 inclusive.
     Methods
          getNamedItem
               Retrieves a node specified by name.
               Parameters
               name of type DOMString
                    The nodeName of a node to retrieve.
               Return Value
               Node A Node (of any type) with the specified nodeName, or
                    null if it does not identify any node in this map.
               No Exceptions
          getNamedItemNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Retrieves a node specified by local name and namespace URI.
               HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to implement this
               method.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the node to retrieve.
               localName of type DOMString
                    The local name of the node to retrieve.
               Return Value
               Node A Node (of any type) with the specified local name and
                    namespace URI, or null if they do not identify any node
                    in this map.
               No Exceptions
          item
               Returns the indexth item in the map. If index is greater than
               or equal to the number of nodes in this map, this returns
               null.
               Parameters
               index of type unsigned long
                    Index into this map.
               Return Value
               Node The node at the indexth position in the map, or null if
                    that is not a valid index.
               No Exceptions
          removeNamedItem
               Removes a node specified by name. When this map contains the
               attributes attached to an element, if the removed attribute
               is known to have a default value, an attribute immediately
               appears containing the default value as well as the
               corresponding namespace URI, local name, and prefix when
               applicable.
               Parameters
               name of type DOMString
                    The nodeName of the node to remove.
               Return Value
               Node The node removed from this map if a node with such a
                    name exists.
               Exceptions
               DOMException NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if there is no node named
                            name in this map.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this map
                            is readonly.
          removeNamedItemNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Removes a node specified by local name and namespace URI. A
               removed attribute may be known to have a default value when
               this map contains the attributes attached to an element, as
               returned by the attributes attribute of the Node interface.
               If so, an attribute immediately appears containing the
               default value as well as the corresponding namespace URI,
               local name, and prefix when applicable.
               HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to implement this
               method.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the node to remove.
               localName of type DOMString
                    The local name of the node to remove.
               Return Value
               Node The node removed from this map if a node with such a
                    local name and namespace URI exists.
               Exceptions
               DOMException NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if there is no node with
                            the specified namespaceURI and localName in
                            this map.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this map
                            is readonly.
          setNamedItem
               Adds a node using its nodeName attribute. If a node with that
               name is already present in this map, it is replaced by the
               new one.
               As the nodeName attribute is used to derive the name which
               the node must be stored under, multiple nodes of certain
               types (those that have a "special" string value) cannot be
               stored as the names would clash. This is seen as preferable
               to allowing nodes to be aliased.
               Parameters
               arg of type Node
                    A node to store in this map. The node will later be
                    accessible using the value of its nodeName attribute.
               Return Value
               Node If the new Node replaces an existing node the replaced
                    Node is returned, otherwise null is returned.
               Exceptions
               DOMException WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if arg was created
                            from a different document than the one that
                            created this map.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this map
                            is readonly.

                            INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR: Raised if arg is an Attr
                            that is already an attribute of another Element
                            object. The DOM user must explicitly clone Attr
                            nodes to re-use them in other elements.
          setNamedItemNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Adds a node using its namespaceURI and localName. If a node
               with that namespace URI and that local name is already
               present in this map, it is replaced by the new one.
               HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to implement this
               method.
               Parameters
               arg of type Node
                    A node to store in this map. The node will later be
                    accessible using the value of its namespaceURI and
                    localName attributes.
               Return Value
               Node If the new Node replaces an existing node the replaced
                    Node is returned, otherwise null is returned.
               Exceptions
               DOMException WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if arg was created
                            from a different document than the one that
                            created this map.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this map
                            is readonly.

                            INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR: Raised if arg is an Attr
                            that is already an attribute of another Element
                            object. The DOM user must explicitly clone Attr
                            nodes to re-use them in other elements.
Interface CharacterData

     The CharacterData interface extends Node with a set of attributes and
     methods for accessing character data in the DOM. For clarity this set
     is defined here rather than on each object that uses these attributes
     and methods. No DOM objects correspond directly to CharacterData,
     though Text and others do inherit the interface from it. All offsets in
     this interface start from 0.

     As explained in the DOMString interface, text strings in the DOM are
     represented in UTF-16, i.e. as a sequence of 16-bit units. In the
     following, the term 16-bit units is used whenever necessary to indicate
     that indexing on CharacterData is done in 16-bit units.

     IDL Definition

          interface CharacterData : Node {
                     attribute DOMString        data;
                                                  // raises(DOMException) on setting
                                                  // raises(DOMException) on retrieval

            readonly attribute unsigned long    length;
            DOMString          substringData(in unsigned long offset,
                                             in unsigned long count)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            void               appendData(in DOMString arg)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            void               insertData(in unsigned long offset,
                                          in DOMString arg)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            void               deleteData(in unsigned long offset,
                                          in unsigned long count)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            void               replaceData(in unsigned long offset,
                                           in unsigned long count,
                                           in DOMString arg)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
          };

     Attributes
          data of type DOMString
               The character data of the node that implements this
               interface. The DOM implementation may not put arbitrary
               limits on the amount of data that may be stored in a
               CharacterData node. However, implementation limits may mean
               that the entirety of a node's data may not fit into a single
               DOMString. In such cases, the user may call substringData to
               retrieve the data in appropriately sized pieces.
               Exceptions on setting
               DOMException NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised when the
                            node is readonly.
               Exceptions on retrieval
               DOMException DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR: Raised when it would return
                            more characters than fit in a DOMString
                            variable on the implementation platform.
          length of type unsigned long, readonly
               The number of 16-bit units that are available through data
               and the substringData method below. This may have the value
               zero, i.e., CharacterData nodes may be empty.
     Methods
          appendData
               Append the string to the end of the character data of the
               node. Upon success, data provides access to the concatenation
               of data and the DOMString specified.
               Parameters
               arg of type DOMString
                    The DOMString to append.
               Exceptions
               DOMException NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.
               No Return Value
          deleteData
               Remove a range of 16-bit units from the node. Upon success,
               data and length reflect the change.
               Parameters
               offset of type unsigned long
                    The offset from which to start removing.
               count of type unsigned long
                    The number of 16-bit units to delete. If the sum of
                    offset and count exceeds length then all 16-bit units
                    from offset to the end of the data are deleted.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset
                            is negative or greater than the number of
                            16-bit units in data, or if the specified count
                            is negative.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.
               No Return Value
          insertData
               Insert a string at the specified 16-bit unit offset.
               Parameters
               offset of type unsigned long
                    The character offset at which to insert.
               arg of type DOMString
                    The DOMString to insert.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset
                            is negative or greater than the number of
                            16-bit units in data.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.
               No Return Value
          replaceData
               Replace the characters starting at the specified 16-bit unit
               offset with the specified string.
               Parameters
               offset of type unsigned long
                    The offset from which to start replacing.
               count of type unsigned long
                    The number of 16-bit units to replace. If the sum of
                    offset and count exceeds length, then all 16-bit units
                    to the end of the data are replaced; (i.e., the effect
                    is the same as a remove method call with the same range,
                    followed by an append method invocation).
               arg of type DOMString
                    The DOMString with which the range must be replaced.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset
                            is negative or greater than the number of
                            16-bit units in data, or if the specified count
                            is negative.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.
               No Return Value
          substringData
               Extracts a range of data from the node.
               Parameters
               offset of type unsigned long
                    Start offset of substring to extract.
               count of type unsigned long
                    The number of 16-bit units to extract.
               Return Value
               DOMString The specified substring. If the sum of offset and
                         count exceeds the length, then all 16-bit units to
                         the end of the data are returned.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset
                            is negative or greater than the number of
                            16-bit units in data, or if the specified count
                            is negative.

                            DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            range of text does not fit into a DOMString.
Interface Attr

     The Attr interface represents an attribute in an Element object.
     Typically the allowable values for the attribute are defined in a
     document type definition.

     Attr objects inherit the Node interface, but since they are not
     actually child nodes of the element they describe, the DOM does not
     consider them part of the document tree. Thus, the Node attributes
     parentNode, previousSibling, and nextSibling have a null value for Attr
     objects. The DOM takes the view that attributes are properties of
     elements rather than having a separate identity from the elements they
     are associated with; this should make it more efficient to implement
     such features as default attributes associated with all elements of a
     given type. Furthermore, Attr nodes may not be immediate children of a
     DocumentFragment. However, they can be associated with Element nodes
     contained within a DocumentFragment. In short, users and implementors
     of the DOM need to be aware that Attr nodes have some things in common
     with other objects inheriting the Node interface, but they also are
     quite distinct.

     The attribute's effective value is determined as follows: if this
     attribute has been explicitly assigned any value, that value is the
     attribute's effective value; otherwise, if there is a declaration for
     this attribute, and that declaration includes a default value, then
     that default value is the attribute's effective value; otherwise, the
     attribute does not exist on this element in the structure model until
     it has been explicitly added. Note that the nodeValue attribute on the
     Attr instance can also be used to retrieve the string version of the
     attribute's value(s).

     In XML, where the value of an attribute can contain entity references,
     the child nodes of the Attr node may be either Text or EntityReference
     nodes (when these are in use; see the description of EntityReference
     for discussion). Because the DOM Core is not aware of attribute types,
     it treats all attribute values as simple strings, even if the DTD or
     schema declares them as having tokenized types.

     IDL Definition

          interface Attr : Node {
            readonly attribute DOMString        name;
            readonly attribute boolean          specified;
                     attribute DOMString        value;
                                                  // raises(DOMException) on setting

            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            readonly attribute Element          ownerElement;
          };

     Attributes
          name of type DOMString, readonly
               Returns the name of this attribute.
          ownerElement of type Element, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 2
               The Element node this attribute is attached to or null if
               this attribute is not in use.
          specified of type boolean, readonly
               If this attribute was explicitly given a value in the
               original document, this is true; otherwise, it is false. Note
               that the implementation is in charge of this attribute, not
               the user. If the user changes the value of the attribute
               (even if it ends up having the same value as the default
               value) then the specified flag is automatically flipped to
               true. To re-specify the attribute as the default value from
               the DTD, the user must delete the attribute. The
               implementation will then make a new attribute available with
               specified set to false and the default value (if one exists).
               In summary:
                  + If the attribute has an assigned value in the document
                    then specified is true, and the value is the assigned
                    value.
                  + If the attribute has no assigned value in the document
                    and has a default value in the DTD, then specified is
                    false, and the value is the default value in the DTD.
                  + If the attribute has no assigned value in the document
                    and has a value of #IMPLIED in the DTD, then the
                    attribute does not appear in the structure model of the
                    document.
                  + If the ownerElement attribute is null (i.e. because it
                    was just created or was set to null by the various
                    removal and cloning operations) specified is true.

          value of type DOMString
               On retrieval, the value of the attribute is returned as a
               string. Character and general entity references are replaced
               with their values. See also the method getAttribute on the
               Element interface.
               On setting, this creates a Text node with the unparsed
               contents of the string. I.e. any characters that an XML
               processor would recognize as markup are instead treated as
               literal text. See also the method setAttribute on the Element
               interface.
               Exceptions on setting
               DOMException NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised when the
                            node is readonly.
Interface Element

     The Element interface represents an element in an HTML or XML document.
     Elements may have attributes associated with them; since the Element
     interface inherits from Node, the generic Node interface attribute
     attributes may be used to retrieve the set of all attributes for an
     element. There are methods on the Element interface to retrieve either
     an Attr object by name or an attribute value by name. In XML, where an
     attribute value may contain entity references, an Attr object should be
     retrieved to examine the possibly fairly complex sub-tree representing
     the attribute value. On the other hand, in HTML, where all attributes
     have simple string values, methods to directly access an attribute
     value can safely be used as a convenience.

     Note: In DOM Level 2, the method normalize is inherited from the Node
     interface where it was moved.

     IDL Definition

          interface Element : Node {
            readonly attribute DOMString        tagName;
            DOMString          getAttribute(in DOMString name);
            void               setAttribute(in DOMString name,
                                            in DOMString value)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            void               removeAttribute(in DOMString name)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            Attr               getAttributeNode(in DOMString name);
            Attr               setAttributeNode(in Attr newAttr)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            Attr               removeAttributeNode(in Attr oldAttr)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            NodeList           getElementsByTagName(in DOMString name);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            DOMString          getAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                              in DOMString localName);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            void               setAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                              in DOMString qualifiedName,
                                              in DOMString value)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            void               removeAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                                 in DOMString localName)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            Attr               getAttributeNodeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                                  in DOMString localName);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            Attr               setAttributeNodeNS(in Attr newAttr)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            NodeList           getElementsByTagNameNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                                      in DOMString localName);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            boolean            hasAttribute(in DOMString name);
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            boolean            hasAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                              in DOMString localName);
          };

     Attributes
          tagName of type DOMString, readonly
               The name of the element. For example, in:

               <elementExample id="demo">
                       ...
               </elementExample> ,

               tagName has the value "elementExample". Note that this is
               case-preserving in XML, as are all of the operations of the
               DOM. The HTML DOM returns the tagName of an HTML element in
               the canonical uppercase form, regardless of the case in the
               source HTML document.
     Methods
          getAttribute
               Retrieves an attribute value by name.
               Parameters
               name of type DOMString
                    The name of the attribute to retrieve.
               Return Value
               DOMString The Attr value as a string, or the empty string if
                         that attribute does not have a specified or
                         default value.
               No Exceptions
          getAttributeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Retrieves an attribute value by local name and namespace URI.
               HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to implement this
               method.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the attribute to retrieve.
               localName of type DOMString
                    The local name of the attribute to retrieve.
               Return Value
               DOMString The Attr value as a string, or the empty string if
                         that attribute does not have a specified or
                         default value.
               No Exceptions
          getAttributeNode
               Retrieves an attribute node by name.
               To retrieve an attribute node by qualified name and namespace
               URI, use the getAttributeNodeNS method.
               Parameters
               name of type DOMString
                    The name (nodeName) of the attribute to retrieve.
               Return Value
               Attr The Attr node with the specified name (nodeName) or
                    null if there is no such attribute.
               No Exceptions
          getAttributeNodeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Retrieves an Attr node by local name and namespace URI.
               HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to implement this
               method.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the attribute to retrieve.
               localName of type DOMString
                    The local name of the attribute to retrieve.
               Return Value
               Attr The Attr node with the specified attribute local name
                    and namespace URI or null if there is no such
                    attribute.
               No Exceptions
          getElementsByTagName
               Returns a NodeList of all descendant Elements with a given
               tag name, in the order in which they are encountered in a
               preorder traversal of this Element tree.
               Parameters
               name of type DOMString
                    The name of the tag to match on. The special value "*"
                    matches all tags.
               Return Value
               NodeList A list of matching Element nodes.
               No Exceptions
          getElementsByTagNameNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Returns a NodeList of all the descendant Elements with a
               given local name and namespace URI in the order in which they
               are encountered in a preorder traversal of this Element tree.
               HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to implement this
               method.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the elements to match on. The
                    special value "*" matches all namespaces.
               localName of type DOMString
                    The local name of the elements to match on. The special
                    value "*" matches all local names.
               Return Value
               NodeList A new NodeList object containing all the matched
                        Elements.
               No Exceptions
          hasAttribute introduced in DOM Level 2
               Returns true when an attribute with a given name is specified
               on this element or has a default value, false otherwise.
               Parameters
               name of type DOMString
                    The name of the attribute to look for.
               Return Value
               boolean true if an attribute with the given name is
                       specified on this element or has a default value,
                       false otherwise.
               No Exceptions
          hasAttributeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Returns true when an attribute with a given local name and
               namespace URI is specified on this element or has a default
               value, false otherwise. HTML-only DOM implementations do not
               need to implement this method.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the attribute to look for.
               localName of type DOMString
                    The local name of the attribute to look for.
               Return Value
               boolean true if an attribute with the given local name and
                       namespace URI is specified or has a default value on
                       this element, false otherwise.
               No Exceptions
          removeAttribute
               Removes an attribute by name. If the removed attribute is
               known to have a default value, an attribute immediately
               appears containing the default value as well as the
               corresponding namespace URI, local name, and prefix when
               applicable.
               To remove an attribute by local name and namespace URI, use
               the removeAttributeNS method.
               Parameters
               name of type DOMString
                    The name of the attribute to remove.
               Exceptions
               DOMException NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.
               No Return Value
          removeAttributeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Removes an attribute by local name and namespace URI. If the
               removed attribute has a default value it is immediately
               replaced. The replacing attribute has the same namespace URI
               and local name, as well as the original prefix.
               HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to implement this
               method.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the attribute to remove.
               localName of type DOMString
                    The local name of the attribute to remove.
               Exceptions
               DOMException NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.
               No Return Value
          removeAttributeNode
               Removes the specified attribute node. If the removed Attr has
               a default value it is immediately replaced. The replacing
               attribute has the same namespace URI and local name, as well
               as the original prefix, when applicable.
               Parameters
               oldAttr of type Attr
                    The Attr node to remove from the attribute list.
               Return Value
               Attr The Attr node that was removed.
               Exceptions
               DOMException NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.

                            NOT_FOUND_ERR: Raised if oldAttr is not an
                            attribute of the element.
          setAttribute
               Adds a new attribute. If an attribute with that name is
               already present in the element, its value is changed to be
               that of the value parameter. This value is a simple string;
               it is not parsed as it is being set. So any markup (such as
               syntax to be recognized as an entity reference) is treated as
               literal text, and needs to be appropriately escaped by the
               implementation when it is written out. In order to assign an
               attribute value that contains entity references, the user
               must create an Attr node plus any Text and EntityReference
               nodes, build the appropriate subtree, and use
               setAttributeNode to assign it as the value of an attribute.
               To set an attribute with a qualified name and namespace URI,
               use the setAttributeNS method.
               Parameters
               name of type DOMString
                    The name of the attribute to create or alter.
               value of type DOMString
                    Value to set in string form.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            name contains an illegal character.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.
               No Return Value
          setAttributeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Adds a new attribute. If an attribute with the same local
               name and namespace URI is already present on the element, its
               prefix is changed to be the prefix part of the qualifiedName,
               and its value is changed to be the value parameter. This
               value is a simple string; it is not parsed as it is being
               set. So any markup (such as syntax to be recognized as an
               entity reference) is treated as literal text, and needs to be
               appropriately escaped by the implementation when it is
               written out. In order to assign an attribute value that
               contains entity references, the user must create an Attr node
               plus any Text and EntityReference nodes, build the
               appropriate subtree, and use setAttributeNodeNS or
               setAttributeNode to assign it as the value of an attribute.
               HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to implement this
               method.
               Parameters
               namespaceURI of type DOMString
                    The namespace URI of the attribute to create or alter.
               qualifiedName of type DOMString
                    The qualified name of the attribute to create or alter.
               value of type DOMString
                    The value to set in string form.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR: Raised if the specified
                            qualified name contains an illegal character.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.

                            NAMESPACE_ERR: Raised if the qualifiedName is
                            malformed, if the qualifiedName has a prefix
                            and the namespaceURI is null, if the
                            qualifiedName has a prefix that is "xml" and
                            the namespaceURI is different from
                            "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace", or if
                            the qualifiedName is "xmlns" and the
                            namespaceURI is different from
                            "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/".
               No Return Value
          setAttributeNode
               Adds a new attribute node. If an attribute with that name
               (nodeName) is already present in the element, it is replaced
               by the new one.
               To add a new attribute node with a qualified name and
               namespace URI, use the setAttributeNodeNS method.
               Parameters
               newAttr of type Attr
                    The Attr node to add to the attribute list.
               Return Value
               Attr If the newAttr attribute replaces an existing
                    attribute, the replaced Attr node is returned,
                    otherwise null is returned.
               Exceptions
               DOMException WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if newAttr was
                            created from a different document than the one
                            that created the element.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.

                            INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR: Raised if newAttr is
                            already an attribute of another Element object.
                            The DOM user must explicitly clone Attr nodes
                            to re-use them in other elements.
          setAttributeNodeNS introduced in DOM Level 2
               Adds a new attribute. If an attribute with that local name
               and that namespace URI is already present in the element, it
               is replaced by the new one.
               HTML-only DOM implementations do not need to implement this
               method.
               Parameters
               newAttr of type Attr
                    The Attr node to add to the attribute list.
               Return Value
               Attr If the newAttr attribute replaces an existing attribute
                    with the same local name and namespace URI, the
                    replaced Attr node is returned, otherwise null is
                    returned.
               Exceptions
               DOMException WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR: Raised if newAttr was
                            created from a different document than the one
                            that created the element.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.

                            INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR: Raised if newAttr is
                            already an attribute of another Element object.
                            The DOM user must explicitly clone Attr nodes
                            to re-use them in other elements.
Interface Text

     The Text interface inherits from CharacterData and represents the
     textual content (termed character data in XML) of an Element or Attr.
     If there is no markup inside an element's content, the text is
     contained in a single object implementing the Text interface that is
     the only child of the element. If there is markup, it is parsed into
     the information items (elements, comments, etc.) and Text nodes that
     form the list of children of the element.

     When a document is first made available via the DOM, there is only one
     Text node for each block of text. Users may create adjacent Text nodes
     that represent the contents of a given element without any intervening
     markup, but should be aware that there is no way to represent the
     separations between these nodes in XML or HTML, so they will not (in
     general) persist between DOM editing sessions. The normalize() method
     on Node merges any such adjacent Text objects into a single node for
     each block of text.

     IDL Definition

          interface Text : CharacterData {
            Text               splitText(in unsigned long offset)
                                                  raises(DOMException);
          };

     Methods
          splitText
               Breaks this node into two nodes at the specified offset,
               keeping both in the tree as siblings. After being split, this
               node will contain all the content up to the offset point. A
               new node of the same type, which contains all the content at
               and after the offset point, is returned. If the original node
               had a parent node, the new node is inserted as the next
               sibling of the original node. When the offset is equal to the
               length of this node, the new node has no data.
               Parameters
               offset of type unsigned long
                    The 16-bit unit offset at which to split, starting from
                    0.
               Return Value
               Text The new node, of the same type as this node.
               Exceptions
               DOMException INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset
                            is negative or greater than the number of
                            16-bit units in data.

                            NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised if this
                            node is readonly.
Interface Comment

     This interface inherits from CharacterData and represents the content
     of a comment, i.e., all the characters between the starting '<!--' and
     ending '-->'. Note that this is the definition of a comment in XML,
     and, in practice, HTML, although some HTML tools may implement the full
     SGML comment structure.

     IDL Definition

          interface Comment : CharacterData {
          };

1.3. Extended Interfaces

The interfaces defined here form part of the DOM Core specification, but
objects that expose these interfaces will never be encountered in a DOM
implementation that deals only with HTML. As such, HTML-only DOM
implementations [DOM Level 2 HTML] do not need to have objects that
implement these interfaces.

The interfaces found within this section are not mandatory. A DOM
application may use the hasFeature(feature, version) method of the
DOMImplementation interface with parameter values "XML" and "2.0"
(respectively) to determine whether or not this module is supported by the
implementation. In order to fully support this module, an implementation
must also support the "Core" feature defined in Fundamental Interfaces.
Please refer to additional information about Conformance in this
specification.

Interface CDATASection

     CDATA sections are used to escape blocks of text containing characters
     that would otherwise be regarded as markup. The only delimiter that is
     recognized in a CDATA section is the "]]>" string that ends the CDATA
     section. CDATA sections cannot be nested. Their primary purpose is for
     including material such as XML fragments, without needing to escape all
     the delimiters.

     The DOMString attribute of the Text node holds the text that is
     contained by the CDATA section. Note that this may contain characters
     that need to be escaped outside of CDATA sections and that, depending
     on the character encoding ("charset") chosen for serialization, it may
     be impossible to write out some characters as part of a CDATA section.

     The CDATASection interface inherits from the CharacterData interface
     through the Text interface. Adjacent CDATASection nodes are not merged
     by use of the normalize method of the Node interface.

     Note: Because no markup is recognized within a CDATASection, character
     numeric references cannot be used as an escape mechanism when
     serializing. Therefore, action needs to be taken when serializing a
     CDATASection with a character encoding where some of the contained
     characters cannot be represented. Failure to do so would not produce
     well-formed XML.
     One potential solution in the serialization process is to end the CDATA
     section before the character, output the character using a character
     reference or entity reference, and open a new CDATA section for any
     further characters in the text node. Note, however, that some code
     conversion libraries at the time of writing do not return an error or
     exception when a character is missing from the encoding, making the
     task of ensuring that data is not corrupted on serialization more
     difficult.

     IDL Definition

          interface CDATASection : Text {
          };

Interface DocumentType

     Each Document has a doctype attribute whose value is either null or a
     DocumentType object. The DocumentType interface in the DOM Core
     provides an interface to the list of entities that are defined for the
     document, and little else because the effect of namespaces and the
     various XML schema efforts on DTD representation are not clearly
     understood as of this writing.

     The DOM Level 2 doesn't support editing DocumentType nodes.

     IDL Definition

          interface DocumentType : Node {
            readonly attribute DOMString        name;
            readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     entities;
            readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     notations;
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            readonly attribute DOMString        publicId;
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            readonly attribute DOMString        systemId;
            // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
            readonly attribute DOMString        internalSubset;
          };

     Attributes
          entities of type NamedNodeMap, readonly
               A NamedNodeMap containing the general entities, both external
               and internal, declared in the DTD. Parameter entities are not
               contained. Duplicates are discarded. For example in:

               <!DOCTYPE ex SYSTEM "ex.dtd" [
                 <!ENTITY foo "foo">
                 <!ENTITY bar "bar">
                 <!ENTITY bar "bar2">
                 <!ENTITY % baz "baz">
               ]>
               <ex/>

               the interface provides access to foo and the first
               declaration of bar but not the second declaration of bar or
               baz. Every node in this map also implements the Entity
               interface.
               The DOM Level 2 does not support editing entities, therefore
               entities cannot be altered in any way.
          internalSubset of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM
          Level 2
               The internal subset as a string.

               Note: The actual content returned depends on how much
               information is available to the implementation. This may vary
               depending on various parameters, including the XML processor
               used to build the document.

          name of type DOMString, readonly
               The name of DTD; i.e., the name immediately following the
               DOCTYPE keyword.
          notations of type NamedNodeMap, readonly
               A NamedNodeMap containing the notations declared in the DTD.
               Duplicates are discarded. Every node in this map also
               implements the Notation interface.
               The DOM Level 2 does not support editing notations, therefore
               notations cannot be altered in any way.
          publicId of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 2
               The public identifier of the external subset.
          systemId of type DOMString, readonly, introduced in DOM Level 2
               The system identifier of the external subset.
Interface Notation

     This interface represents a notation declared in the DTD. A notation
     either declares, by name, the format of an unparsed entity (see section
     4.7 of the XML 1.0 specification [XML]), or is used for formal
     declaration of processing instruction targets (see section 2.6 of the
     XML 1.0 specification [XML]). The nodeName attribute inherited from
     Node is set to the declared name of the notation.

     The DOM Level 1 does not support editing Notation nodes; they are
     therefore readonly.

     A Notation node does not have any parent.

     IDL Definition

          interface Notation : Node {
            readonly attribute DOMString        publicId;
            readonly attribute DOMString        systemId;
          };

     Attributes
          publicId of type DOMString, readonly
               The public identifier of this notation. If the public
               identifier was not specified, this is null.
          systemId of type DOMString, readonly
               The system identifier of this notation. If the system
               identifier was not specified, this is null.
Interface Entity

     This interface represents an entity, either parsed or unparsed, in an
     XML document. Note that this models the entity itself not the entity
     declaration. Entity declaration modeling has been left for a later
     Level of the DOM specification.

     The nodeName attribute that is inherited from Node contains the name of
     the entity.

     An XML processor may choose to completely expand entities before the
     structure model is passed to the DOM; in this case there will be no
     EntityReference nodes in the document tree.

     XML does not mandate that a non-validating XML processor read and
     process entity declarations made in the external subset or declared in
     external parameter entities. This means that parsed entities declared
     in the external subset need not be expanded by some classes of
     applications, and that the replacement value of the entity may not be
     available. When the replacement value is available, the corresponding
     Entity node's child list represents the structure of that replacement
     text. Otherwise, the child list is empty.

     The DOM Level 2 does not support editing Entity nodes; if a user wants
     to make changes to the contents of an Entity, every related
     EntityReference node has to be replaced in the structure model by a
     clone of the Entity's contents, and then the desired changes must be
     made to each of those clones instead. Entity nodes and all their
     descendants are readonly.

     An Entity node does not have any parent.

     Note: If the entity contains an unbound namespace prefix, the
     namespaceURI of the corresponding node in the Entity node subtree is
     null. The same is true for EntityReference nodes that refer to this
     entity, when they are created using the createEntityReference method of
     the Document interface. The DOM Level 2 does not support any mechanism
     to resolve namespace prefixes.

     IDL Definition

          interface Entity : Node {
            readonly attribute DOMString        publicId;
            readonly attribute DOMString        systemId;
            readonly attribute DOMString        notationName;
          };

     Attributes
          notationName of type DOMString, readonly
               For unparsed entities, the name of the notation for the
               entity. For parsed entities, this is null.
          publicId of type DOMString, readonly
               The public identifier associated with the entity, if
               specified. If the public identifier was not specified, this
               is null.
          systemId of type DOMString, readonly
               The system identifier associated with the entity, if
               specified. If the system identifier was not specified, this
               is null.
Interface EntityReference

     EntityReference objects may be inserted into the structure model when
     an entity reference is in the source document, or when the user wishes
     to insert an entity reference. Note that character references and
     references to predefined entities are considered to be expanded by the
     HTML or XML processor so that characters are represented by their
     Unicode equivalent rather than by an entity reference. Moreover, the
     XML processor may completely expand references to entities while
     building the structure model, instead of providing EntityReference
     objects. If it does provide such objects, then for a given
     EntityReference node, it may be that there is no Entity node
     representing the referenced entity. If such an Entity exists, then the
     subtree of the EntityReference node is in general a copy of the Entity
     node subtree. However, this may not be true when an entity contains an
     unbound namespace prefix. In such a case, because the namespace prefix
     resolution depends on where the entity reference is, the descendants of
     the EntityReference node may be bound to different namespace URIs.

     As for Entity nodes, EntityReference nodes and all their descendants
     are readonly.

     IDL Definition

          interface EntityReference : Node {
          };

Interface ProcessingInstruction

     The ProcessingInstruction interface represents a "processing
     instruction", used in XML as a way to keep processor-specific
     information in the text of the document.

     IDL Definition

          interface ProcessingInstruction : Node {
            readonly attribute DOMString        target;
                     attribute DOMString        data;
                                                  // raises(DOMException) on setting

          };

     Attributes
          data of type DOMString
               The content of this processing instruction. This is from the
               first non white space character after the target to the
               character immediately preceding the ?>.
               Exceptions on setting
               DOMException NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR: Raised when the
                            node is readonly.
          target of type DOMString, readonly
               The target of this processing instruction. XML defines this
               as being the first token following the markup that begins the
               processing instruction.

13 November, 2000

Appendix A: Changes

Editors
     Arnaud Le Hors, IBM
     Philippe Le Hégaret, W3C

A.1: Changes between DOM Level 1 Core and DOM Level 2 Core

OMG IDL
     The DOM Level 2 specifications are now using Corba 2.3.1 instead of
     Corba 2.2.
Type DOMString
     The definition of DOMString in IDL is now a valuetype.

A.1.1: Changes to DOM Level 1 Core interfaces and exceptions

Interface Attr
     The Attr interface has one new attribute: ownerElement.
Interface Document
     The Document interface has five new methods: importNode,
     createElementNS, createAttributeNS, getElementsByTagNameNS and
     getElementById.
Interface NamedNodeMap
     The NamedNodeMap interface has three new methods: getNamedItemNS,
     setNamedItemNS, removeNamedItemNS.
Interface Node
     The Node interface has two new methods: isSupported and hasAttributes.
     normalize, previously in the Element interface, has been moved in the
     Node interface.
     The Node interface has three new attributes: namespaceURI, prefix and
     localName.
     The ownerDocument attribute was specified to be null when the node is a
     Document. It now is also null when the node is a DocumentType which is
     not used with any Document yet.
Interface DocumentType
     The DocumentType interface has three attributes: publicId, systemId and
     internalSubset.
Interface DOMImplementation
     The DOMImplementation interface has two new methods: createDocumentType
     and createDocument.
Interface Element
     The Element interface has eight new methods: getAttributeNS,
     setAttributeNS, removeAttributeNS, getAttributeNodeNS,
     setAttributeNodeNS, getElementsByTagNameNS, hasAttribute and
     hasAttributeNS.
     The method normalize is now inherited from the Node interface where it
     was moved.
Exception DOMException
     The DOMException has five new exception codes: INVALID_STATE_ERR,
     SYNTAX_ERR, INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR, NAMESPACE_ERR and
     INVALID_ACCESS_ERR.

A.1.2: New features

A.1.2.1: New types

DOMTimeStamp
     The DOMTimeStamp type was added to the Core module.

13 November, 2000

Appendix B: Accessing code point boundaries

     Mark Davis, IBM
     Lauren Wood, SoftQuad Software Inc.

Table of contents

   * 2.1. Introduction
   * 2.2. Methods
        o StringExtend

B.1: Introduction

This appendix is an informative, not a normative, part of the Level 2 DOM
specification.

Characters are represented in Unicode by numbers called code points (also
called scalar values). These numbers can range from 0 up to 1,114,111 =
10FFFF16 (although some of these values are illegal). Each code point can be
directly encoded with a 32-bit code unit. This encoding is termed UCS-4 (or
UTF-32). The DOM specification, however, uses UTF-16, in which the most
frequent characters (which have values less than FFFF16) are represented by
a single 16-bit code unit, while characters above FFFF16 use a special pair
of code units called a surrogate pair. For more information, see [Unicode]
or the Unicode Web site.

While indexing by code points as opposed to code units is not common in
programs, some specifications such as XPath (and therefore XSLT and
XPointer) use code point indices. For interfacing with such formats it is
recommended that the programming language provide string processing methods
for converting code point indices to code unit indices and back. Some
languages do not provide these functions natively; for these it is
recommended that the native String type that is bound to DOMString be
extended to enable this conversion. An example of how such an API might look
is supplied below.

Note: Since these methods are supplied as an illustrative example of the
type of functionality that is required, the names of the methods,
exceptions, and interface may differ from those given here.

B.2: Methods

Interface StringExtend

     Extensions to a language's native String class or interface

     IDL Definition

          interface StringExtend {
            int                findOffset16(in int offset32)
                                                  raises(StringIndexOutOfBoundsException);
            int                findOffset32(in int offset16)
                                                  raises(StringIndexOutOfBoundsException);
          };

     Methods
          findOffset16
               Returns the UTF-16 offset that corresponds to a UTF-32
               offset. Used for random access.

               Note: You can always round-trip from a UTF-32 offset to a
               UTF-16 offset and back. You can round-trip from a UTF-16
               offset to a UTF-32 offset and back if and only if the
               offset16 is not in the middle of a surrogate pair. Unmatched
               surrogates count as a single UTF-16 value.

               Parameters
               offset32 of type int
                    UTF-32 offset.
               Return Value
               int UTF-16 offset
               Exceptions
               StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if offset32 is out of
                                               bounds.
          findOffset32
               Returns the UTF-32 offset corresponding to a UTF-16 offset.
               Used for random access. To find the UTF-32 length of a
               string, use:

               len32 = findOffset32(source, source.length());

               Note: If the UTF-16 offset is into the middle of a surrogate
               pair, then the UTF-32 offset of the end of the pair is
               returned; that is, the index of the char after the end of the
               pair. You can always round-trip from a UTF-32 offset to a
               UTF-16 offset and back. You can round-trip from a UTF-16
               offset to a UTF-32 offset and back if and only if the
               offset16 is not in the middle of a surrogate pair. Unmatched
               surrogates count as a single UTF-16 value.

               Parameters
               offset16 of type int
                    UTF-16 offset
               Return Value
               int UTF-32 offset
               Exceptions
               StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if offset16 is out of
                                               bounds.

13 November, 2000

Appendix C: IDL Definitions

This appendix contains the complete OMG IDL [OMGIDL] for the Level 2
Document Object Model Core definitions.

The IDL files are also available as:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113/idl.zip

dom.idl:

// File: dom.idl

#ifndef _DOM_IDL_
#define _DOM_IDL_

#pragma prefix "w3c.org"
module dom
{

  valuetype DOMString sequence<unsigned short>;

  typedef   unsigned long long DOMTimeStamp;

  interface DocumentType;
  interface Document;
  interface NodeList;
  interface NamedNodeMap;
  interface Element;

  exception DOMException {
    unsigned short   code;
  };
  // ExceptionCode
  const unsigned short      INDEX_SIZE_ERR                 = 1;
  const unsigned short      DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR             = 2;
  const unsigned short      HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR          = 3;
  const unsigned short      WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR             = 4;
  const unsigned short      INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR          = 5;
  const unsigned short      NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR            = 6;
  const unsigned short      NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR    = 7;
  const unsigned short      NOT_FOUND_ERR                  = 8;
  const unsigned short      NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR              = 9;
  const unsigned short      INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR            = 10;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  const unsigned short      INVALID_STATE_ERR              = 11;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  const unsigned short      SYNTAX_ERR                     = 12;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  const unsigned short      INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR       = 13;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  const unsigned short      NAMESPACE_ERR                  = 14;
  // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
  const unsigned short      INVALID_ACCESS_ERR             = 15;

  interface DOMImplementation {
    boolean            hasFeature(in DOMString feature,
                                  in DOMString version);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    DocumentType       createDocumentType(in DOMString qualifiedName,
                                          in DOMString publicId,
                                          in DOMString systemId)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    Document           createDocument(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                      in DOMString qualifiedName,
                                      in DocumentType doctype)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  };

  interface Node {

    // NodeType
    const unsigned short      ELEMENT_NODE                   = 1;
    const unsigned short      ATTRIBUTE_NODE                 = 2;
    const unsigned short      TEXT_NODE                      = 3;
    const unsigned short      CDATA_SECTION_NODE             = 4;
    const unsigned short      ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE          = 5;
    const unsigned short      ENTITY_NODE                    = 6;
    const unsigned short      PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE    = 7;
    const unsigned short      COMMENT_NODE                   = 8;
    const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_NODE                  = 9;
    const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE             = 10;
    const unsigned short      DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE         = 11;
    const unsigned short      NOTATION_NODE                  = 12;

    readonly attribute DOMString        nodeName;
             attribute DOMString        nodeValue;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting
                                        // raises(DOMException) on retrieval

    readonly attribute unsigned short   nodeType;
    readonly attribute Node             parentNode;
    readonly attribute NodeList         childNodes;
    readonly attribute Node             firstChild;
    readonly attribute Node             lastChild;
    readonly attribute Node             previousSibling;
    readonly attribute Node             nextSibling;
    readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     attributes;
    // Modified in DOM Level 2:
    readonly attribute Document         ownerDocument;
    Node               insertBefore(in Node newChild,
                                    in Node refChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    Node               replaceChild(in Node newChild,
                                    in Node oldChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    Node               removeChild(in Node oldChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    Node               appendChild(in Node newChild)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    boolean            hasChildNodes();
    Node               cloneNode(in boolean deep);
    // Modified in DOM Level 2:
    void               normalize();
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    boolean            isSupported(in DOMString feature,
                                   in DOMString version);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    readonly attribute DOMString        namespaceURI;
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
             attribute DOMString        prefix;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting

    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    readonly attribute DOMString        localName;
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    boolean            hasAttributes();
  };

  interface NodeList {
    Node               item(in unsigned long index);
    readonly attribute unsigned long    length;
  };

  interface NamedNodeMap {
    Node               getNamedItem(in DOMString name);
    Node               setNamedItem(in Node arg)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    Node               removeNamedItem(in DOMString name)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    Node               item(in unsigned long index);
    readonly attribute unsigned long    length;
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    Node               getNamedItemNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                      in DOMString localName);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    Node               setNamedItemNS(in Node arg)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    Node               removeNamedItemNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                         in DOMString localName)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  };

  interface CharacterData : Node {
             attribute DOMString        data;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting
                                        // raises(DOMException) on retrieval

    readonly attribute unsigned long    length;
    DOMString          substringData(in unsigned long offset,
                                     in unsigned long count)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    void               appendData(in DOMString arg)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    void               insertData(in unsigned long offset,
                                  in DOMString arg)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    void               deleteData(in unsigned long offset,
                                  in unsigned long count)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    void               replaceData(in unsigned long offset,
                                   in unsigned long count,
                                   in DOMString arg)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  };

  interface Attr : Node {
    readonly attribute DOMString        name;
    readonly attribute boolean          specified;
             attribute DOMString        value;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting

    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    readonly attribute Element          ownerElement;
  };

  interface Element : Node {
    readonly attribute DOMString        tagName;
    DOMString          getAttribute(in DOMString name);
    void               setAttribute(in DOMString name,
                                    in DOMString value)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    void               removeAttribute(in DOMString name)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    Attr               getAttributeNode(in DOMString name);
    Attr               setAttributeNode(in Attr newAttr)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    Attr               removeAttributeNode(in Attr oldAttr)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    NodeList           getElementsByTagName(in DOMString name);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    DOMString          getAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                      in DOMString localName);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    void               setAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                      in DOMString qualifiedName,
                                      in DOMString value)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    void               removeAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                         in DOMString localName)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    Attr               getAttributeNodeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                          in DOMString localName);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    Attr               setAttributeNodeNS(in Attr newAttr)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    NodeList           getElementsByTagNameNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                              in DOMString localName);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    boolean            hasAttribute(in DOMString name);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    boolean            hasAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                      in DOMString localName);
  };

  interface Text : CharacterData {
    Text               splitText(in unsigned long offset)
                                        raises(DOMException);
  };

  interface Comment : CharacterData {
  };

  interface CDATASection : Text {
  };

  interface DocumentType : Node {
    readonly attribute DOMString        name;
    readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     entities;
    readonly attribute NamedNodeMap     notations;
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    readonly attribute DOMString        publicId;
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    readonly attribute DOMString        systemId;
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    readonly attribute DOMString        internalSubset;
  };

  interface Notation : Node {
    readonly attribute DOMString        publicId;
    readonly attribute DOMString        systemId;
  };

  interface Entity : Node {
    readonly attribute DOMString        publicId;
    readonly attribute DOMString        systemId;
    readonly attribute DOMString        notationName;
  };

  interface EntityReference : Node {
  };

  interface ProcessingInstruction : Node {
    readonly attribute DOMString        target;
             attribute DOMString        data;
                                        // raises(DOMException) on setting

  };

  interface DocumentFragment : Node {
  };

  interface Document : Node {
    readonly attribute DocumentType     doctype;
    readonly attribute DOMImplementation  implementation;
    readonly attribute Element          documentElement;
    Element            createElement(in DOMString tagName)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    DocumentFragment   createDocumentFragment();
    Text               createTextNode(in DOMString data);
    Comment            createComment(in DOMString data);
    CDATASection       createCDATASection(in DOMString data)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    ProcessingInstruction createProcessingInstruction(in DOMString target,
                                                      in DOMString data)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    Attr               createAttribute(in DOMString name)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    EntityReference    createEntityReference(in DOMString name)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    NodeList           getElementsByTagName(in DOMString tagname);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    Node               importNode(in Node importedNode,
                                  in boolean deep)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    Element            createElementNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                       in DOMString qualifiedName)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    Attr               createAttributeNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                         in DOMString qualifiedName)
                                        raises(DOMException);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    NodeList           getElementsByTagNameNS(in DOMString namespaceURI,
                                              in DOMString localName);
    // Introduced in DOM Level 2:
    Element            getElementById(in DOMString elementId);
  };
};

#endif // _DOM_IDL_

13 November, 2000

Appendix D: Java Language Binding

This appendix contains the complete Java Language [Java] binding for the
Level 2 Document Object Model Core.

The Java files are also available as
http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113/java-binding.zip

org/w3c/dom/DOMException.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public class DOMException extends RuntimeException {
    public DOMException(short code, String message) {
       super(message);
       this.code = code;
    }
    public short   code;
    // ExceptionCode
    public static final short INDEX_SIZE_ERR            = 1;
    public static final short DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR        = 2;
    public static final short HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR     = 3;
    public static final short WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR        = 4;
    public static final short INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR     = 5;
    public static final short NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR       = 6;
    public static final short NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR = 7;
    public static final short NOT_FOUND_ERR             = 8;
    public static final short NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR         = 9;
    public static final short INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR       = 10;
    public static final short INVALID_STATE_ERR         = 11;
    public static final short SYNTAX_ERR                = 12;
    public static final short INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR  = 13;
    public static final short NAMESPACE_ERR             = 14;
    public static final short INVALID_ACCESS_ERR        = 15;

}

org/w3c/dom/DOMImplementation.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface DOMImplementation {
    public boolean hasFeature(String feature,
                              String version);

    public DocumentType createDocumentType(String qualifiedName,
                                           String publicId,
                                           String systemId)
                                           throws DOMException;

    public Document createDocument(String namespaceURI,
                                   String qualifiedName,
                                   DocumentType doctype)
                                   throws DOMException;

}

org/w3c/dom/DocumentFragment.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface DocumentFragment extends Node {
}

org/w3c/dom/Document.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface Document extends Node {
    public DocumentType getDoctype();

    public DOMImplementation getImplementation();

    public Element getDocumentElement();

    public Element createElement(String tagName)
                                 throws DOMException;

    public DocumentFragment createDocumentFragment();

    public Text createTextNode(String data);

    public Comment createComment(String data);

    public CDATASection createCDATASection(String data)
                                           throws DOMException;

    public ProcessingInstruction createProcessingInstruction(String target,
                                                             String data)
                                                             throws DOMException;

    public Attr createAttribute(String name)
                                throws DOMException;

    public EntityReference createEntityReference(String name)
                                                 throws DOMException;

    public NodeList getElementsByTagName(String tagname);

    public Node importNode(Node importedNode,
                           boolean deep)
                           throws DOMException;

    public Element createElementNS(String namespaceURI,
                                   String qualifiedName)
                                   throws DOMException;

    public Attr createAttributeNS(String namespaceURI,
                                  String qualifiedName)
                                  throws DOMException;

    public NodeList getElementsByTagNameNS(String namespaceURI,
                                           String localName);

    public Element getElementById(String elementId);

}

org/w3c/dom/Node.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface Node {
    // NodeType
    public static final short ELEMENT_NODE              = 1;
    public static final short ATTRIBUTE_NODE            = 2;
    public static final short TEXT_NODE                 = 3;
    public static final short CDATA_SECTION_NODE        = 4;
    public static final short ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE     = 5;
    public static final short ENTITY_NODE               = 6;
    public static final short PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE = 7;
    public static final short COMMENT_NODE              = 8;
    public static final short DOCUMENT_NODE             = 9;
    public static final short DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE        = 10;
    public static final short DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE    = 11;
    public static final short NOTATION_NODE             = 12;

    public String getNodeName();

    public String getNodeValue()
                                  throws DOMException;
    public void setNodeValue(String nodeValue)
                                  throws DOMException;

    public short getNodeType();

    public Node getParentNode();

    public NodeList getChildNodes();

    public Node getFirstChild();

    public Node getLastChild();

    public Node getPreviousSibling();

    public Node getNextSibling();

    public NamedNodeMap getAttributes();

    public Document getOwnerDocument();

    public Node insertBefore(Node newChild,
                             Node refChild)
                             throws DOMException;

    public Node replaceChild(Node newChild,
                             Node oldChild)
                             throws DOMException;

    public Node removeChild(Node oldChild)
                            throws DOMException;

    public Node appendChild(Node newChild)
                            throws DOMException;

    public boolean hasChildNodes();

    public Node cloneNode(boolean deep);

    public void normalize();

    public boolean isSupported(String feature,
                               String version);

    public String getNamespaceURI();

    public String getPrefix();
    public void setPrefix(String prefix)
                               throws DOMException;

    public String getLocalName();

    public boolean hasAttributes();

}

org/w3c/dom/NodeList.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface NodeList {
    public Node item(int index);

    public int getLength();

}

org/w3c/dom/NamedNodeMap.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface NamedNodeMap {
    public Node getNamedItem(String name);

    public Node setNamedItem(Node arg)
                             throws DOMException;

    public Node removeNamedItem(String name)
                                throws DOMException;

    public Node item(int index);

    public int getLength();

    public Node getNamedItemNS(String namespaceURI,
                               String localName);

    public Node setNamedItemNS(Node arg)
                               throws DOMException;

    public Node removeNamedItemNS(String namespaceURI,
                                  String localName)
                                  throws DOMException;

}

org/w3c/dom/CharacterData.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface CharacterData extends Node {
    public String getData()
                                  throws DOMException;
    public void setData(String data)
                                  throws DOMException;

    public int getLength();

    public String substringData(int offset,
                                int count)
                                throws DOMException;

    public void appendData(String arg)
                           throws DOMException;

    public void insertData(int offset,
                           String arg)
                           throws DOMException;

    public void deleteData(int offset,
                           int count)
                           throws DOMException;

    public void replaceData(int offset,
                            int count,
                            String arg)
                            throws DOMException;

}

org/w3c/dom/Attr.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface Attr extends Node {
    public String getName();

    public boolean getSpecified();

    public String getValue();
    public void setValue(String value)
                            throws DOMException;

    public Element getOwnerElement();

}

org/w3c/dom/Element.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface Element extends Node {
    public String getTagName();

    public String getAttribute(String name);

    public void setAttribute(String name,
                             String value)
                             throws DOMException;

    public void removeAttribute(String name)
                                throws DOMException;

    public Attr getAttributeNode(String name);

    public Attr setAttributeNode(Attr newAttr)
                                 throws DOMException;

    public Attr removeAttributeNode(Attr oldAttr)
                                    throws DOMException;

    public NodeList getElementsByTagName(String name);

    public String getAttributeNS(String namespaceURI,
                                 String localName);

    public void setAttributeNS(String namespaceURI,
                               String qualifiedName,
                               String value)
                               throws DOMException;

    public void removeAttributeNS(String namespaceURI,
                                  String localName)
                                  throws DOMException;

    public Attr getAttributeNodeNS(String namespaceURI,
                                   String localName);

    public Attr setAttributeNodeNS(Attr newAttr)
                                   throws DOMException;

    public NodeList getElementsByTagNameNS(String namespaceURI,
                                           String localName);

    public boolean hasAttribute(String name);

    public boolean hasAttributeNS(String namespaceURI,
                                  String localName);

}

org/w3c/dom/Text.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface Text extends CharacterData {
    public Text splitText(int offset)
                          throws DOMException;

}

org/w3c/dom/Comment.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface Comment extends CharacterData {
}

org/w3c/dom/CDATASection.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface CDATASection extends Text {
}

org/w3c/dom/DocumentType.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface DocumentType extends Node {
    public String getName();

    public NamedNodeMap getEntities();

    public NamedNodeMap getNotations();

    public String getPublicId();

    public String getSystemId();

    public String getInternalSubset();

}

org/w3c/dom/Notation.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface Notation extends Node {
    public String getPublicId();

    public String getSystemId();

}

org/w3c/dom/Entity.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface Entity extends Node {
    public String getPublicId();

    public String getSystemId();

    public String getNotationName();

}

org/w3c/dom/EntityReference.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface EntityReference extends Node {
}

org/w3c/dom/ProcessingInstruction.java:

package org.w3c.dom;

public interface ProcessingInstruction extends Node {
    public String getTarget();

    public String getData();
    public void setData(String data)
                          throws DOMException;

}

13 November, 2000

Appendix E: ECMAScript Language Binding

This appendix contains the complete ECMAScript [ECMAScript] binding for the
Level 2 Document Object Model Core definitions.

Note: Exceptions handling is only supported by ECMAScript implementation
conformant with the Standard ECMA-262 3rd. Edition ([ECMAScript]).

Prototype Object DOMException
     The DOMException class has the following constants:
          DOMException.INDEX_SIZE_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 1.
          DOMException.DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 2.
          DOMException.HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 3.
          DOMException.WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 4.
          DOMException.INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 5.
          DOMException.NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 6.
          DOMException.NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 7.
          DOMException.NOT_FOUND_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 8.
          DOMException.NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 9.
          DOMException.INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 10.
          DOMException.INVALID_STATE_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 11.
          DOMException.SYNTAX_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 12.
          DOMException.INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 13.
          DOMException.NAMESPACE_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 14.
          DOMException.INVALID_ACCESS_ERR
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 15.
Object DOMException
     The DOMException object has the following properties:
          code
               This property is of type Number.
Object DOMImplementation
     The DOMImplementation object has the following methods:
          hasFeature(feature, version)
               This method returns a Boolean.
               The feature parameter is of type String.
               The version parameter is of type String.
          createDocumentType(qualifiedName, publicId, systemId)
               This method returns a DocumentType object.
               The qualifiedName parameter is of type String.
               The publicId parameter is of type String.
               The systemId parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          createDocument(namespaceURI, qualifiedName, doctype)
               This method returns a Document object.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The qualifiedName parameter is of type String.
               The doctype parameter is a DocumentType object.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
Object DocumentFragment
     DocumentFragment has the all the properties and methods of the Node
     object as well as the properties and methods defined below.
Object Document
     Document has the all the properties and methods of the Node object as
     well as the properties and methods defined below.
     The Document object has the following properties:
          doctype
               This read-only property is a DocumentType object.
          implementation
               This read-only property is a DOMImplementation object.
          documentElement
               This read-only property is a Element object.
     The Document object has the following methods:
          createElement(tagName)
               This method returns a Element object.
               The tagName parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          createDocumentFragment()
               This method returns a DocumentFragment object.
          createTextNode(data)
               This method returns a Text object.
               The data parameter is of type String.
          createComment(data)
               This method returns a Comment object.
               The data parameter is of type String.
          createCDATASection(data)
               This method returns a CDATASection object.
               The data parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          createProcessingInstruction(target, data)
               This method returns a ProcessingInstruction object.
               The target parameter is of type String.
               The data parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          createAttribute(name)
               This method returns a Attr object.
               The name parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          createEntityReference(name)
               This method returns a EntityReference object.
               The name parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          getElementsByTagName(tagname)
               This method returns a NodeList object.
               The tagname parameter is of type String.
          importNode(importedNode, deep)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The importedNode parameter is a Node object.
               The deep parameter is of type Boolean.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          createElementNS(namespaceURI, qualifiedName)
               This method returns a Element object.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The qualifiedName parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          createAttributeNS(namespaceURI, qualifiedName)
               This method returns a Attr object.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The qualifiedName parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          getElementsByTagNameNS(namespaceURI, localName)
               This method returns a NodeList object.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The localName parameter is of type String.
          getElementById(elementId)
               This method returns a Element object.
               The elementId parameter is of type String.
Prototype Object Node
     The Node class has the following constants:
          Node.ELEMENT_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 1.
          Node.ATTRIBUTE_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 2.
          Node.TEXT_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 3.
          Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 4.
          Node.ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 5.
          Node.ENTITY_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 6.
          Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 7.
          Node.COMMENT_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 8.
          Node.DOCUMENT_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 9.
          Node.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 10.
          Node.DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 11.
          Node.NOTATION_NODE
               This constant is of type Number and its value is 12.
Object Node
     The Node object has the following properties:
          nodeName
               This read-only property is of type String.
          nodeValue
               This property is of type String, can raise a DOMException
               object on setting and can raise a DOMException object on
               retrieval.
          nodeType
               This read-only property is of type Number.
          parentNode
               This read-only property is a Node object.
          childNodes
               This read-only property is a NodeList object.
          firstChild
               This read-only property is a Node object.
          lastChild
               This read-only property is a Node object.
          previousSibling
               This read-only property is a Node object.
          nextSibling
               This read-only property is a Node object.
          attributes
               This read-only property is a NamedNodeMap object.
          ownerDocument
               This read-only property is a Document object.
          namespaceURI
               This read-only property is of type String.
          prefix
               This property is of type String and can raise a DOMException
               object on setting.
          localName
               This read-only property is of type String.
     The Node object has the following methods:
          insertBefore(newChild, refChild)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The newChild parameter is a Node object.
               The refChild parameter is a Node object.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          replaceChild(newChild, oldChild)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The newChild parameter is a Node object.
               The oldChild parameter is a Node object.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          removeChild(oldChild)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The oldChild parameter is a Node object.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          appendChild(newChild)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The newChild parameter is a Node object.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          hasChildNodes()
               This method returns a Boolean.
          cloneNode(deep)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The deep parameter is of type Boolean.
          normalize()
               This method has no return value.
          isSupported(feature, version)
               This method returns a Boolean.
               The feature parameter is of type String.
               The version parameter is of type String.
          hasAttributes()
               This method returns a Boolean.
Object NodeList
     The NodeList object has the following properties:
          length
               This read-only property is of type Number.
     The NodeList object has the following methods:
          item(index)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The index parameter is of type Number.
               Note: This object can also be dereferenced using square
               bracket notation (e.g. obj[1]). Dereferencing with an integer
               index is equivalent to invoking the item method with that
               index.
Object NamedNodeMap
     The NamedNodeMap object has the following properties:
          length
               This read-only property is of type Number.
     The NamedNodeMap object has the following methods:
          getNamedItem(name)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The name parameter is of type String.
          setNamedItem(arg)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The arg parameter is a Node object.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          removeNamedItem(name)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The name parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          item(index)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The index parameter is of type Number.
               Note: This object can also be dereferenced using square
               bracket notation (e.g. obj[1]). Dereferencing with an integer
               index is equivalent to invoking the item method with that
               index.
          getNamedItemNS(namespaceURI, localName)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The localName parameter is of type String.
          setNamedItemNS(arg)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The arg parameter is a Node object.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          removeNamedItemNS(namespaceURI, localName)
               This method returns a Node object.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The localName parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
Object CharacterData
     CharacterData has the all the properties and methods of the Node object
     as well as the properties and methods defined below.
     The CharacterData object has the following properties:
          data
               This property is of type String, can raise a DOMException
               object on setting and can raise a DOMException object on
               retrieval.
          length
               This read-only property is of type Number.
     The CharacterData object has the following methods:
          substringData(offset, count)
               This method returns a String.
               The offset parameter is of type Number.
               The count parameter is of type Number.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          appendData(arg)
               This method has no return value.
               The arg parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          insertData(offset, arg)
               This method has no return value.
               The offset parameter is of type Number.
               The arg parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          deleteData(offset, count)
               This method has no return value.
               The offset parameter is of type Number.
               The count parameter is of type Number.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          replaceData(offset, count, arg)
               This method has no return value.
               The offset parameter is of type Number.
               The count parameter is of type Number.
               The arg parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
Object Attr
     Attr has the all the properties and methods of the Node object as well
     as the properties and methods defined below.
     The Attr object has the following properties:
          name
               This read-only property is of type String.
          specified
               This read-only property is of type Boolean.
          value
               This property is of type String and can raise a DOMException
               object on setting.
          ownerElement
               This read-only property is a Element object.
Object Element
     Element has the all the properties and methods of the Node object as
     well as the properties and methods defined below.
     The Element object has the following properties:
          tagName
               This read-only property is of type String.
     The Element object has the following methods:
          getAttribute(name)
               This method returns a String.
               The name parameter is of type String.
          setAttribute(name, value)
               This method has no return value.
               The name parameter is of type String.
               The value parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          removeAttribute(name)
               This method has no return value.
               The name parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          getAttributeNode(name)
               This method returns a Attr object.
               The name parameter is of type String.
          setAttributeNode(newAttr)
               This method returns a Attr object.
               The newAttr parameter is a Attr object.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          removeAttributeNode(oldAttr)
               This method returns a Attr object.
               The oldAttr parameter is a Attr object.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          getElementsByTagName(name)
               This method returns a NodeList object.
               The name parameter is of type String.
          getAttributeNS(namespaceURI, localName)
               This method returns a String.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The localName parameter is of type String.
          setAttributeNS(namespaceURI, qualifiedName, value)
               This method has no return value.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The qualifiedName parameter is of type String.
               The value parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          removeAttributeNS(namespaceURI, localName)
               This method has no return value.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The localName parameter is of type String.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          getAttributeNodeNS(namespaceURI, localName)
               This method returns a Attr object.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The localName parameter is of type String.
          setAttributeNodeNS(newAttr)
               This method returns a Attr object.
               The newAttr parameter is a Attr object.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
          getElementsByTagNameNS(namespaceURI, localName)
               This method returns a NodeList object.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The localName parameter is of type String.
          hasAttribute(name)
               This method returns a Boolean.
               The name parameter is of type String.
          hasAttributeNS(namespaceURI, localName)
               This method returns a Boolean.
               The namespaceURI parameter is of type String.
               The localName parameter is of type String.
Object Text
     Text has the all the properties and methods of the CharacterData object
     as well as the properties and methods defined below.
     The Text object has the following methods:
          splitText(offset)
               This method returns a Text object.
               The offset parameter is of type Number.
               This method can raise a DOMException object.
Object Comment
     Comment has the all the properties and methods of the CharacterData
     object as well as the properties and methods defined below.
Object CDATASection
     CDATASection has the all the properties and methods of the Text object
     as well as the properties and methods defined below.
Object DocumentType
     DocumentType has the all the properties and methods of the Node object
     as well as the properties and methods defined below.
     The DocumentType object has the following properties:
          name
               This read-only property is of type String.
          entities
               This read-only property is a NamedNodeMap object.
          notations
               This read-only property is a NamedNodeMap object.
          publicId
               This read-only property is of type String.
          systemId
               This read-only property is of type String.
          internalSubset
               This read-only property is of type String.
Object Notation
     Notation has the all the properties and methods of the Node object as
     well as the properties and methods defined below.
     The Notation object has the following properties:
          publicId
               This read-only property is of type String.
          systemId
               This read-only property is of type String.
Object Entity
     Entity has the all the properties and methods of the Node object as
     well as the properties and methods defined below.
     The Entity object has the following properties:
          publicId
               This read-only property is of type String.
          systemId
               This read-only property is of type String.
          notationName
               This read-only property is of type String.
Object EntityReference
     EntityReference has the all the properties and methods of the Node
     object as well as the properties and methods defined below.
Object ProcessingInstruction
     ProcessingInstruction has the all the properties and methods of the
     Node object as well as the properties and methods defined below.
     The ProcessingInstruction object has the following properties:
          target
               This read-only property is of type String.
          data
               This property is of type String and can raise a DOMException
               object on setting.

13 November, 2000

Appendix F: Acknowledgements

Many people contributed to this specification, including members of the DOM
Working Group and the DOM Interest Group. We especially thank the following:

Lauren Wood (SoftQuad Software Inc., chair), Andrew Watson (Object
Management Group), Andy Heninger (IBM), Arnaud Le Hors (W3C and IBM), Ben
Chang (Oracle), Bill Smith (Sun), Bill Shea (Merrill Lynch), Bob Sutor
(IBM), Chris Lovett (Microsoft), Chris Wilson (Microsoft), David Brownell
(Sun), David Singer (IBM), Don Park (invited), Eric Vasilik (Microsoft),
Gavin Nicol (INSO), Ian Jacobs (W3C), James Clark (invited), James Davidson
(Sun), Jared Sorensen (Novell), Joe Kesselman (IBM), Joe Lapp (webMethods),
Joe Marini (Macromedia), Johnny Stenback (Netscape), Jonathan Marsh
(Microsoft), Jonathan Robie (Texcel Research and Software AG), Kim
Adamson-Sharpe (SoftQuad Software Inc.), Laurence Cable (Sun), Mark Davis
(IBM), Mark Scardina (Oracle), Martin Dürst (W3C), Mick Goulish (Software
AG), Mike Champion (Arbortext and Software AG), Miles Sabin (Cromwell
Media), Patti Lutsky (Arbortext), Paul Grosso (Arbortext), Peter Sharpe
(SoftQuad Software Inc.), Phil Karlton (Netscape), Philippe Le Hégaret (W3C,
W3C team contact), Ramesh Lekshmynarayanan (Merrill Lynch), Ray Whitmer
(iMall, Excite@Home and Netscape), Rich Rollman (Microsoft), Rick Gessner
(Netscape), Scott Isaacs (Microsoft), Sharon Adler (INSO), Steve Byrne
(JavaSoft), Tim Bray (invited), Tom Pixley (Netscape), Vidur Apparao
(Netscape), Vinod Anupam (Lucent).

Thanks to all those who have helped to improve this specification by sending
suggestions and corrections.

F.1: Production Systems

This specification was written in XML. The HTML, OMG IDL, Java and ECMA
Script bindings were all produced automatically.

Thanks to Joe English, author of cost, which was used as the basis for
producing DOM Level 1. Thanks also to Gavin Nicol, who wrote the scripts
which run on top of cost. Arnaud Le Hors and Philippe Le Hégaret maintained
the scripts.

For DOM Level 2, we used Xerces as the basis DOM implementation and wish to
thank the authors. Philippe Le Hégaret and Arnaud Le Hors wrote the Java
programs which are the DOM application.

Thanks also to Jan Kärrman, author of html2ps, which we use in creating the
PostScript version of the specification.

13 November, 2000

Glossary

Editors
     Arnaud Le Hors, IBM
     Lauren Wood, SoftQuad Software Inc.
     Robert S. Sutor, IBM (for DOM Level 1)

Several of the following term definitions have been borrowed or modified
from similar definitions in other W3C or standards documents. See the links
within the definitions for more information.

16-bit unit
     The base unit of a DOMString. This indicates that indexing on a
     DOMString occurs in units of 16 bits. This must not be misunderstood to
     mean that a DOMString can store arbitrary 16-bit units. A DOMString is
     a character string encoded in UTF-16; this means that the restrictions
     of UTF-16 as well as the other relevant restrictions on character
     strings must be maintained. A single character, for example in the form
     of a numeric character reference, may correspond to one or two 16-bit
     units.
     For more information, see [Unicode] and [ISO/IEC 10646].
ancestor
     An ancestor node of any node A is any node above A in a tree model of a
     document, where "above" means "toward the root."
API
     An API is an application programming interface, a set of functions or
     methods used to access some functionality.
child
     A child is an immediate descendant node of a node.
client application
     A [client] application is any software that uses the Document Object
     Model programming interfaces provided by the hosting implementation to
     accomplish useful work. Some examples of client applications are
     scripts within an HTML or XML document.
COM
     COM is Microsoft's Component Object Model [COM], a technology for
     building applications from binary software components.
convenience
     A convenience method is an operation on an object that could be
     accomplished by a program consisting of more basic operations on the
     object. Convenience methods are usually provided to make the API easier
     and simpler to use or to allow specific programs to create more
     optimized implementations for common operations. A similar definition
     holds for a convenience property.
data model
     A data model is a collection of descriptions of data structures and
     their contained fields, together with the operations or functions that
     manipulate them.
descendant
     A descendant node of any node A is any node below A in a tree model of
     a document, where "above" means "toward the root."
ECMAScript
     The programming language defined by the ECMA-262 standard [ECMAScript].
     As stated in the standard, the originating technology for ECMAScript
     was JavaScript [JavaScript]. Note that in the ECMAScript Language
     binding, the word "property" is used in the same sense as the IDL term
     "attribute."
element
     Each document contains one or more elements, the boundaries of which
     are either delimited by start-tags and end-tags, or, for empty elements
     by an empty-element tag. Each element has a type, identified by name,
     and may have a set of attributes. Each attribute has a name and a
     value. See Logical Structures in XML [XML].
information item
     An information item is an abstract representation of some component of
     an XML document. See the [Infoset] for details.
hosting implementation
     A [hosting] implementation is a software module that provides an
     implementation of the DOM interfaces so that a client application can
     use them. Some examples of hosting implementations are browsers,
     editors and document repositories.
HTML
     The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a simple markup language used
     to create hypertext documents that are portable from one platform to
     another. HTML documents are SGML documents with generic semantics that
     are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of
     applications. [HTML4.0]
inheritance
     In object-oriented programming, the ability to create new classes (or
     interfaces) that contain all the methods and properties of another
     class (or interface), plus additional methods and properties. If class
     (or interface) D inherits from class (or interface) B, then D is said
     to be derived from B. B is said to be a base class (or interface) for
     D. Some programming languages allow for multiple inheritance, that is,
     inheritance from more than one class or interface.
interface
     An interface is a declaration of a set of methods with no information
     given about their implementation. In object systems that support
     interfaces and inheritance, interfaces can usually inherit from one
     another.
language binding
     A programming language binding for an IDL specification is an
     implementation of the interfaces in the specification for the given
     language. For example, a Java language binding for the Document Object
     Model IDL specification would implement the concrete Java classes that
     provide the functionality exposed by the interfaces.
local name
     A local name is the local part of a qualified name. This is called the
     local part in Namespaces in XML [Namespaces].
method
     A method is an operation or function that is associated with an object
     and is allowed to manipulate the object's data.
model
     A model is the actual data representation for the information at hand.
     Examples are the structural model and the style model representing the
     parse structure and the style information associated with a document.
     The model might be a tree, or a directed graph, or something else.
namespace prefix
     A namespace prefix is a string that associates an element or attribute
     name with a namespace URI in XML. See namespace prefix in Namespaces in
     XML [Namespaces].
namespace URI
     A namespace URI is a URI that identifies an XML namespace. Strictly
     speaking, this actually is a namespace URI reference. This is called
     the namespace name in Namespaces in XML [Namespaces].
object model
     An object model is a collection of descriptions of classes or
     interfaces, together with their member data, member functions, and
     class-static operations.
parent
     A parent is an immediate ancestor node of a node.
qualified name
     A qualified name is the name of an element or attribute defined as the
     concatenation of a local name (as defined in this specification),
     optionally preceded by a namespace prefix and colon character. See
     Qualified Names in Namespaces in XML [Namespaces].
readonly node
     A readonly node is a node that is immutable. This means its list of
     children, its content, and its attributes, when it is an element,
     cannot be changed in any way. However, a readonly node can possibly be
     moved, when it is not itself contained in a readonly node.
root node
     The root node is the unique node that is not a child of any other node.
     All other nodes are children or other descendants of the root node.
sibling
     Two nodes are siblings if and only if they have the same parent node.
string comparison
     When string matching is required, it is to occur as though the
     comparison was between 2 sequences of code points from the Unicode 3.0
     standard [Unicode].
token
     An information item such as an XML Name which has been tokenized.
tokenized
     The description given to various information items (for example,
     attribute values of various types, but not including the StringType
     CDATA) after having been processed by the XML processor. The process
     includes stripping leading and trailing white space, and replacing
     multiple space characters by one. See the definition of tokenized type.
well-formed document
     A document is well-formed if it is tag valid and entities are limited
     to single elements (i.e., single sub-trees). See Well-Formed XML
     Documents in XML [XML].
XML
     Extensible Markup Language (XML) is an extremely simple dialect of
     SGML. The goal is to enable generic SGML to be served, received, and
     processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML
     [XML] has been designed for ease of implementation and for
     interoperability with both SGML and HTML.
XML name
     See XML name in the XML specification [XML].
XML namespace
     An XML namespace is a collection of names, identified by a URI
     reference [RFC2396], which are used in XML documents as element types
     and attribute names. [Namespaces]

13 November, 2000

References

For the latest version of any W3C specification please consult the list of
W3C Technical Reports available at http://www.w3.org/TR.

H.1: Normative references

Charmod
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Character Model for the World Wide Web,
     November 1999. Available at
     http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WD-charmod-19991129
ECMAScript
     ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association) ECMAScript Language
     Specification. Available at http://www.ecma.ch/ecma1/STAND/ECMA-262.HTM
HTML4.0
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) HTML 4.0 Specification, April 1998.
     Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424
ISO/IEC 10646
     ISO (International Organization for Standardization). ISO/IEC
     10646-1:2000 (E). Information technology - Universal Multiple-Octet
     Coded Character Set (UCS) - Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual
     Plane. [Geneva]: International Organization for Standardization.
Java
     Sun Microsystems Inc. The Java Language Specification, James Gosling,
     Bill Joy, and Guy Steele, September 1996. Available at
     http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls
Namespaces
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Namespaces in XML, January 1999.
     Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114
OMGIDL
     OMG (Object Management Group) IDL (Interface Definition Language)
     defined in The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and
     Specification, version 2.3.1, October 1999. Available from
     http://www.omg.org/
RFC2396
     IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 2396: Uniform Resource
     Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax, eds. T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L.
     Masinter. August 1998. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt
Unicode
     The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0., February
     2000. Available at
     http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/Unicode3.0.html.
XML
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0,
     February 1998. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210

H.2: Informative references

DOM Level 2 CSS
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Document Object Model Level 2 CSS.
     Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Style/css
COM
     Microsoft Corp. The Component Object Model. Available at
     http://www.microsoft.com/com
CORBA
     OMG (Object Management Group) The Common Object Request Broker:
     Architecture and Specification, version 2.3.1, October 1999. Available
     from http://www.omg.org/
DOM Level 1
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) DOM Level 1 Specification, October
     1998. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1
DOM Level 2 HTML
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Document Object Model Level 2 HTML
     Specification. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-HTML
DOM Level 2 Events
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Document Object Model Level 2 Events
     Specification. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Events
Infoset
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) XML Information Set, December 1999.
     Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-infoset
JavaIDL
     Sun Microsystems Inc. Java IDL. Available at
     http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/docs/guide/idl
JavaScript
     Netscape Communications Corp. JavaScript Resources. Available at
     http://developer.netscape.com/tech/javascript/resources.html
JScript
     Microsoft Corp. JScript Resources. Available at
     http://msdn.microsoft.com/scripting/default.htm
MIDL
     Microsoft Corp. MIDL Language Reference. Available at
     http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/psdk/midl/mi-laref_1r1h.htm
DOM Level 2 Style Sheets
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Document Object Model Level 2 Style
     Sheets. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Style/stylesheets
DOM Level 2 Traversal
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Document Object Model Level 2
     Traversal. Available at
     http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Traversal-Range/traversal
DOM Level 2 Range
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Document Object Model Level 2 Range.
     Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Traversal-Range/ranges
DOM Level 2 Views
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) Document Object Model Level 2 Views
     Specification. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Views
XPointer
     W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) XML Pointer Language (XPointer), June
     2000. Available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xptr

13 November, 2000

Index

 16-bit unit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
 6, 7, 8, 9

 ancestor 1, 2, 3, 4        API 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6        appendChild
 appendData                 Attr                        ATTRIBUTE_NODE
 attributes

 CDATA_SECTION_NODE         CDATASection                CharacterData
 Charmod 1, 2               child 1, 2, 3               childNodes
 client application 1, 2    cloneNode                   COM 1, 2, 3, 4
 Comment                    COMMENT_NODE                convenience 1, 2, 3
 CORBA 1, 2                 createAttribute             createAttributeNS
 createCDATASection         createComment               createDocument
 createDocumentFragment     createDocumentType          createElement
 createElementNS            createEntityReference       createProcessingInstruction
 createTextNode

 data 1, 2                  data model 1, 2             deleteData
 descendant 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
 6, 7                       doctype                     Document
 DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE     DOCUMENT_NODE               DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE
 documentElement            DocumentFragment            DocumentType
 DOM Level 1 1, 2           DOM Level 2 CSS 1, 2        DOM Level 2 Events 1, 2

 DOM Level 2 HTML 1, 2, 3, 4DOM Level 2 Range 1, 2      DOM Level 2 Style Sheets 1,
                                                        2
 DOM Level 2 Traversal 1, 2 DOM Level 2 Views 1, 2      DOMException
 DOMImplementation          DOMString                   DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR
 DOMTimeStamp

 ECMAScript 1, 2, 3, 4      Element 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6    ELEMENT_NODE
 entities                   Entity                      ENTITY_NODE
 ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE      EntityReference

 firstChild

 getAttribute               getAttributeNode            getAttributeNodeNS
 getAttributeNS             getElementById              getElementsByTagName 1, 2
 getElementsByTagNameNS 1, 2getNamedItem                getNamedItemNS

 hasAttribute               hasAttributeNS              hasAttributes
 hasChildNodes              hasFeature                  HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR
 hosting implementation 1, 2HTML 1, 2                   HTML4.0 1, 2

 implementation             importNode                  INDEX_SIZE_ERR
 information item 1, 2      Infoset 1, 2, 3, 4          inheritance 1, 2
 insertBefore               insertData                  interface 1, 2
 internalSubset             INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR         INVALID_ACCESS_ERR
 INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR      INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR    INVALID_STATE_ERR
 ISO/IEC 10646 1, 2, 3      isSupported                 item 1, 2

 Java 1, 2                  JavaIDL 1, 2                JavaScript 1, 2, 3
 JScript 1, 2

 language binding 1, 2      lastChild                   length 1, 2, 3

 live 1, 2, 3               local name 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,   localName
                            6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

 method 1, 2                MIDL 1, 2                   model 1, 2


 name 1, 2                  NamedNodeMap                namespace prefix 1, 2, 3,
                                                        4, 5, 6
 namespace URI 1, 2, 3, 4,
 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, NAMESPACE_ERR               Namespaces 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
 13, 14, 15, 16, 17                                     6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
 namespaceURI               nextSibling                 NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR
 NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERRNode                        NodeList
 nodeName                   nodeType                    nodeValue
 normalize                  NOT_FOUND_ERR               NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR
 Notation                   NOTATION_NODE               notationName
 notations

 object model 1, 2, 3       OMGIDL 1, 2, 3              ownerDocument
 ownerElement

 parent 1, 2                parentNode                  prefix
 previousSibling            PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE ProcessingInstruction
 publicId 1, 2, 3

 qualified name 1, 2, 3, 4,
 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

 readonly node 1, 2, 3, 4, 5removeAttribute             removeAttributeNode
 removeAttributeNS          removeChild                 removeNamedItem
 removeNamedItemNS          replaceChild                replaceData
 RFC2396 1, 2               root node 1, 2

 setAttribute               setAttributeNode            setAttributeNodeNS
 setAttributeNS             setNamedItem                setNamedItemNS
 sibling 1, 2, 3            specified                   splitText
 string comparison 1, 2, 3  substringData               SYNTAX_ERR
 systemId 1, 2, 3

 tagName                    target                      Text
 TEXT_NODE                  token 1, 2                  tokenized 1, 2

 Unicode 1, 2, 3, 4

 value

 well-formed document 1, 2  WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR

 XML 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7    XML name 1, 2               XML namespace 1, 2
 XPointer 1, 2


